Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 4.2 Size comparison: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figures 4.1a, 4.1d, 4.2b, 4.2c Arrangements  Pairs: Diplococci, diplobacilli  Clusters: Staphylococci  Chains: Streptococci, streptobacilli

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figures 4.1a, 4.2a, 4.2d, 4.4a, 4.4b, 4.4c Basic Shapes  Bacillus (rod-shaped)  Coccus (spherical)  Spiral  Spirillum  Vibrio  Spirochete

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.6 The Structure of a Prokaryotic Cell

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Transformation:

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.7 Arrangements of Bacterial Flagella

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.10a Axial Filaments  Also called endoflagella or periplasmic flagella  In spirochetes only  The spirochetes are a … unique group of bacteria. This phylum contains not only many medically important species such as Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi but others live inside arthropods such as termites and some that are free-living and reside in soil and water.  Individual AF can be anchored at one end or the other of a cell. Rotation causes the cell to move.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.11 Fimbriae and Pili: Made of a different protein (pilin) than flagella and are shorter, thinner, straighter. Fimbriae allow attachment: Important for some diseases (gonorrhea and E.coli 0157:H7) and biofilms.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Pili: Some are used for movement and others for transfer of DNA Yikes! Resistance!

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.  Linked by polypeptides Figure 4.13a Peptidoglycan

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Gram Positive Cell Wall Many layers of peptidoglycan

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Impetigo and Necrotizing fasciitis flesh- eating disease)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.13c Gram-Negative Cell Wall

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Gram - Sepsis

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.  Phospholipid bilayer  Peripheral proteins  Integral proteins  Transmembrane proteins Figure 4.14b The Plasma Membrane Fig p. 90 -as viscous as olive oil

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.17a Movement of Materials across Membranes  Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.17b-c Movement of Materials across Membranes  Facilitated diffusion: Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.18c–e The Principle of Osmosis Fig p. 93 The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.19 The Prokaryotic Ribosome  Protein synthesis  70S  50S + 30S subunits

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sporulation and Germination Figure 4.21a

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.22a The Eukaryotic Cell

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.24a–b The Eukaryotic Nucleus

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.2 Endosymbiotic Theory

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Q&A  Penicillin was called a “miracle drug” because it doesn’t harm human cells. Why doesn’t it?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Active (functional) protein Denatured protein

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Enzyme Inhibition

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Feedback Inhibition