Anatomy and Physiology The Language of Anatomy

Anatomical Position

Anterior Body Landmarks

Posterior Landmarks

Body Planes and Sections Cutting through a structure creates a 2-D view of a 3-D object The cuts are made along a plane 3 main planes 1.Sagittal- lengthwise cut dividing into left and right halves. Right down the middle = midsagittal

Frontal Section Lengthwise cut Divides into anterior and posterior halves (front and back)

Transverse Section Horizontal plane Divides into superior and inferior sections (top and bottom)

Different Sections give different views One must be aware of the type of section takes when looking at a specimen One can determine 3-D structure from a series of 2-D pictures

Orange Lab 1.Get an orange 2.Position orange on paper towel 3.Sketch the orientation 4.Draw the plane line you plan on cutting 5.Cut the orange and sketch the internal aspect of the orange as seen in your section. 6.Inspect and sketch 3 other groups that cut on a different plane than yours

Body Cavities 1.Dorsal Sometimes not referred to as an internal body cavity due to how it develops. But helps divide the body up for learning Cranial Cavity houses the brain Spinal Cavity runs down the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord

Body Cavities Cont. 2.Ventral Body Cavity Divided into a superior and inferior region by the diaphragm Superior = Thoracic Heart, lungs, trachea, thymus gland, etc Mediastinum is the medial area dividing into left and right sides Partially protected by the ribs

Ventral Body Cavity Cont. Inferior = abdominopelvic cavity –Abdominal on top and pelvic on the bottom No physical division Abdominal Cavity houses stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, etc Pelvic Cavity houses the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum