Conservation, pollution, waste Management What conservation is? Example of a threatened animal and plant in Ireland. 4 ways humans are endangering Nature. 5 things we can do to improve to protect the environment. Pollution (explain) three types – Air pollution – 3 causes and 3 effects – Water pollution – 3 causes and 3 effects.

Conservation, pollution, waste Management – Soil pollution 2 causes. Waste management 3 methods – Landfill sites 2 adv. and 2 disadv. – Incineration 2 adv. and 2 disadv. – Recycling 2 adv. And 1 disadv. Positive human activity on environment 2 points Negative human activity on environment 2 points. Waste management pyramid. 2

Conservation ● Conservation (save preserve) = the wise use of the environment. ● Conservation is about protecting the environment and maintaining a wide variety of organisms. ● What would be the effect on a habitat if say all the caterpillars were killed by a pesticide?

Conservation ● Many animals have been hunted to extinction e.g. Golden eagles, wolves. ● Some animals and plants are endangered due to habitat destruction from drainage, intensive farming and urban development. ● The barn owl, the corncrake, the cornflower and bog orchid are close to extinction.

How Humans Endanger Nature ● Agriculture – use pesticides, wetland drainage, removal of hedgerows. (What problems do these cause?) ● Loss of habitat when land is cleared for roads and housing. ● Use of insecticides affects useful insects as well as upseting the balance of nature. ● Over-fishing –Catching all fish, young fish needed to keep up fish stocks. What can we do to prevent this?

How Humans can Help the Environment 1) Duty to protect and conserve 2) Governments and everyone must plan with the environment in mind. 3) Zoos – manage breeding programs for endangered species. 4) Local conservations groups take care of local parks common areas etc. 5) Taking part in surveys to estimates nos. Of wild birds etc. 6) Be aware of country code and don't litter or dump. 7) Educate ourselves about environmental issues.

Pollution ● Pollution – addition of harmful substances to the environment. ● Causes: – Raw sewage, – Burning fossil fuels – Excess fertilisers – Litter and illegal dumping – Silage slurry

Air Pollution

Air pollution caused mainly by burning fossil fuels. What are fossil fuels?

Water Pollution Water pollution is caused by ● Dumping ● Untreated sewage ● Litter ● Excess fertilisers ● Slurry from silage pits ● entering lakes rivers and seas.

Water pollution

Soil pollution Soil is polluted by: ● Excess fertilisers ● Overuse of pesticides ● Chemicals from waste dumps and factories. ● What are pesticides and fertilisers?

Waste Management Waste management is how we deal with our waste. There are three mains ways deal with waste. ● Landfill sites. ● Incinerators ● Recycling

Landfill Sites A landfill site is a huge hole in the ground where waste is dumped and buried.

Landfill Sites

Incineration Incineration is the reduction of waste by burning it.

Incinerators

Recycling Recycling is the re-using or using of the material for another purpose. ● Reduce – reduce the amount of waste ● Re-use – use again for a different purpose ● Recycle – recover for re-use

recycling Prevention of waste is the ideal and disposal the least preferred option.

recycling Metal Recycling Glass recycling

Human Influence on the environment ● Positive human activity - – Protect habitats and so the variety of organisms – Implement and enforce anti-pollution and waste management laws. ● Negative Human Activity – Destruction of habitats. – Continued burning of fossil fuels.