Pg 6 Le livre pg LA GRAMMAIRE

 Les Articles Définis  Les Articles Indéfinis LES ARTICLES

A / AN Masculine = un Feminine = une INDEFINITE ARTICLES

The Masculine = Le (leh) Feminine = La (lah) Before a vowel sound = L’ Plural = Les (lay) DEFINITE ARTICLE

B Les noms et les articles: masculin et féminin p. 153 NOUNS Nouns designating PEOPLE Nouns that designate male persons are almost always masculine: un garçonun ami Nouns that designate female persons are almost always feminine: une filleune amie EXCEPTIONS : une personne is always feminine (even when it refers to a male) un professeur is always masculine (even when it refers to a woman) Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

Nouns designating ANIMALS, OBJECTS, and THINGS B Les noms et les articles: masculin et féminin p. 153 There is no systematic way to determine whether these nouns are masculine or feminine. Therefore, it is very important to learn these nouns with their articles. MASCULINE :un portableun véloun ordinateur FEMININE :une chaîne hi-fiune motoune affiche Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

B Les noms et les articles: masculin et féminin p. 153 ARTICLES Note the forms of the articles in the chart below. Both le and la become l’ before a vowel sound: le garçonl’ami la fillel’amie INDEFINITE ARTICLE parler MASCULINE un a, an une a, an un garçonune fille DEFINITE ARTICLE FEMININE le the la the le garçonla fille Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

C Les noms et les articles: le pluriel pp The forms of the articles are summarized in the chart below. SINGULAR AND PLURAL ARTICLES DEFINITE ARTICLE parler SINGULAR le (l’) la (l’) INDEFINITE ARTICLE PLURAL the les the un une a, an des some les garçons les ordinateurs les fillesles affiches des garçonsdes ordinateurs des fillesdes affiches Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

B Les noms et les articles: masculin et féminin p. 153 PRONOUNS Note the forms of the pronouns in the chart below. MASCULINE parler he Où est le garçon?Il est en classe. it Où est le portable?Il est sur la table. FEMININE il she Où est la fille?Elle est en ville. it Où est la voiture?Elle est là-bas. elle Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

Compare the singular and plural forms of the articles and nouns in the sentences below. SINGULARPLURAL Tu as le livre?Tu as les livres? Qui est la fille là-bas?Qui sont les filles là-bas? Voici un sac.Voici des sacs. J’invite une copine.J’invite des copines. C Les noms et les articles: le pluriel pp Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

C Les noms et les articles: le pluriel pp There is liaison after les and des when the next word begins with a vowel sound. Des corresponds to the English article some. While some is often omitted in English, des MUST be expressed in French. Contrast: Il y adeslivres sur la table. There aresomebooks on the table. Je dîne avecdesamis. I’m having dinner with…friends. Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

E In French, the definite article (le, la, les) is used more often than in English. Note its use in the following sentences. J’aime la musique. (In general) I like music. Tu préfères le tennis ou le golf? (Generally) do you prefer tennis or golf? Julie aime les jeux vidéo. (In general) Julie likes video games. Nous aimons la liberté. (In general) we love liberty. L’usage de l’article défini dans le sens général p. 158 Continued... Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

E L’usage de l’article défini dans le sens général p. 158 In contrast with English, French uses the definite article (le, la, les) to introduce ABSTRACT nouns, or nouns used in a GENERAL or COLLECTIVE sense. L ANGUAGE C OMPARISONS Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

Compare the following sentences. REPEATED EVENTSSINGLE EVENT Le samedi, je dîne avec des copains. Samedi, je dîne avec mon cousin. (On) Saturdays (in general), I have (On) Saturday (that is, this Saturday), dinner with friends.I am having dinner with my cousin. To indicate a repeated or habitual event, French uses the construction: le + DAY OF THE WEEK When an event happens only once, no article is used. F L’usage de l’article défini avec les jours de la semaine p. 159 Articles (review) p. 153 (12)

THE PARTITIVE ARTICLE - LE PARTITIF Composition Notebook pg 12

LE PARTITIF – PG 12  A fancy way of saying “some” or “any” (get it… “part”)  Remember – to say “the” we use the Definite Article:  Le (masculine)  La (feminine)  Les (plural)  L’ (before a vowel sound)  And to say “a”, we use the Indefinite Article:  Un (masculine)  Une (feminine)

LE PARTITIF – PG 12  To create the partitive article, it is quite simple really…  You use “de” and combine it with the Definite Article (le, la, les, l’)

“SOME” PLEASE…  De + le = du  De + la = de la  De + les = des  De + l’ = de l’

FOR EXAMPLE…  Il mange du pain =  He’s eating some bread  Elle fait de la peinture=  She’s doing some painting  Avez-vous des détails ?=  Have you got any details ?  Je veux de l’eau=  I want some water

LE PARTITIF  When you’re using verbs that talk about consuming, having, wanting, etc., be sure to indicate that you only want some of the item you’re talking about otherwise you’ll seem greedy!  Some of these verbs: Vouloir, Prendre, Manger, Avoir, Commander, etc.  Examples:  Je mange de la pizza. (I’m eating some pizza.)  DO NOT SAY: Je mange la pizza. (I’m eating the whole pizza.)

UH – OH… NOW WHAT? 1.If you can possibly say“some” in the sentence, then you should use du/de la/des. 2.If you are talking IN GENERAL TERMS about something, then we use le/la/les. So the correct translations are:  J’adore les fraises (I love strawberries)  J’ai mangé des fraises ce matin (I ate SOME strawberries this morning)

MAIN NOUN + de + MODIFYING NOUN une classe de français. d’ (+ VOWEL SOUND) une classe d’espagnol. Compare the word order in French and English. J’ai une raquette.C’est une raquette de tennis. It’s a tennis racket. Paul a une voiture.C’est une voiture de sport. It’s a sports car. When one noun is used to modify another noun, the French construction is: There is no article after de. NOM + DE + NOM P. 223 (12)

In French, when one noun modifies another, the main noun comes FIRST. In English, the main noun comes SECOND. un jeu d’ordinateura computer game L ANGUAGE C OMPARISON NOM + DE + NOM P. 223 (12)

Composition Notebook - 12 Le livre LES ARTICLES FR2 UNITÉ 3- LEÇON 11

C Le choix des articles pp Continued... Articles are used much more frequently in French than in English. The choice of a DEFINITE, INDEFINITE, or PARTITIVE article depends on what is being described. the DEFINITE article le, la, l’, les a noun used in the GENERAL sense J’aime le gâteau. (As a rule) I like cake. a SPECIFIC thingVoici le gâteau. Here is the cake. (I baked) USETO DESCRIBE

C Le choix des articles pp Continued... Articles are used much more frequently in French than in English. The choice of a DEFINITE, INDEFINITE, or PARTITIVE article depends on what is being described. the INDEFINITE article un, une, des USE the PARTITIVE article de, de la, de l’ One (or several) WHOLE items Voici un gâteau. Here is a (whole) cake. SOME, A PORTION or A CERTAIN AMOUNT of something Voici du gâteau. Here is some (a serving, a piece of) cake. TO DESCRIBE

C Le choix des articles pp Continued... The DEFINITE article is used generally after the following verbs: aimerMes amis aiment la glace. préférerMoi, je préfère le gâteau. The PARTITIVE article is often (but not always) used after the following verbs and expressions: voiciboireacheteravoir voilàmangervendrevouloir il y aprendrecommander

C Le choix des articles pp Depending on the context, however, the definite and indefinite articles may also be used with the above verbs. Je commande la glace. I am ordering the ice cream (on the menu). Je commande une glace. I am ordering an ice cream (= one serving). Je commande de la glace. I am ordering (some) ice cream. The French do not use the partitive article with a noun that is the subject of the sentence. Il y a du lait et de la glace dans le réfrigérateur. BUT: Le lait et la glace sont dans le réfrigérateur. The partitive article may also be used with nouns other than foods. As-tu de l’argent? Do you have (any, a certain amount of) money? Cet artiste a du talent. This artist has (some, a certain amount of) talent.