Teaching and Learning Presented by Denise Auttonberry Ph.D., MSN, RN, FACHE

Nurses as educators O Teaching clients and their families O Teaching in the community O Teaching health personnel

Priority nursing functions: O Helping patients & families learn how ________________________________ ________________________________ O How to protect their health

Aims of Teaching O Maintaining & ________________________ O Preventing __________________ O Restoring _________________ O Facilitate ___________________ Taylor, p.482, Box 21-1

Patient Education Process of influencing the patient’s behavior to effect changes in Knowledge, Attitudes, & Skills needed to maintain & improve health. Help patients and families develop the self- care abilities to reach their _____________of _____________ & _____________________.

Research supports: O Educated patients experience better health and fewer ___________________. O Fewer _______________________. O Fewer ______________, ______ & ________ _______________.

Health Literacy The degree to which individuals have_________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ___________________________.

Influences and Deficits O Different ______________________ O __________________ diversity O ___________________ deficits O Varying ________________ levels O Complexity of ___________________.

Teaching/Learning Process Teaching – the process of providing the knowledge and skills that patients need _____________________________________ _____________________________________. Learning – the process by which a person _____________________________________ in a measurable way as a result of the experience.

Complete the Teaching Acronym O T O tune ____________________ O E O edit ____________________ O A O act _______________________ O C O clarify __________ O H O Honor ______________________________

Science of Learning Define: O Andragogy – O Geragogy - O Pedagogy –

Child Learners O _______________________explanations O Reasons for procedures O Need ______________ relationship O Gross motor development and fine motor skills O ______________ thinkers O Reinforcement by __________ or healthcare professionals

Adult Learners O Most likely ________________ O Previous life _________________ O Readiness to learn O Material should be useful _______________.

Key Points to Effective Communication O Be _______________________ O Avoid too much detail and _____________________ O Ask for questions O Be a ______________________ for the patient O Use _______________ vocabulary O Vary the tone of voice O Keep content clear O Listen and _____________________

Three Domains of Knowledge O Cognitive – O Affective - O Psychomotor

Nursing ProcessTeaching –Learning Process O AssessmentAssess Learning Needs & Learning Readiness O DiagnoseDiagnose the Patient’s Learning Needs Develop Learning Outcomes O PlanDevelop a Teaching Plan O ImplementImplement Teaching Plan & Strategies O EvaluateEvaluate Learning Comparison of Nursing Process and Teaching Learning Process

Assessment *collect data *analyze client’s strengths and deficits

Give a brief description & example of these factors affecting client learning O Readiness O Age & __________________________ O _____________ support networks O ______________ resources O Cultural influences O Language ___________________ O ______________________level

Where do we get what we need to know? O Who is the primary source of information? O What are secondary sources?

Diagnosis O _____________________approved by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association – International (NANDA-I) when diagnosing learning needs. O Must have _________________________to validate need or problem

Diagnosis *make educational diagnoses *whose behavior is included in the outcome? O Deficient knowledge O Health-seeking behavior O Noncompliance O Ineffective management of therapeutic regimen (may be individual, family, community, or readiness for enhanced)

Deficient knowledge O Absence or deficiency of cognitive information related to a specific topic O You must include area of deficiency. O Client with diabetes: O Deficient knowledge (Calorie controlled diet) R/T lack of knowledge of calories counting AMB “How do I figure out what to eat” O Client whose parent has Alzheimer’s disease: O Deficient knowledge (Disease process) R/T lack of knowledge about neurological impairment (Alzheimer’s disease) AMB “Why is he acting so bad?”

Health-seeking behavior O Active seeking (by person in stable health) ways to improve health habits or environment O Client whose parent died from MI O Health-seeking behavior (Exercise & activity) R/T desire to decrease risk of heart disease AMB “Should I start some kind of exercise program?” O Client whose mother and sister diagnosed with breast cancer O Health-seeking behavior (Cancer screening) R/T desire for early diagnosis and treatment AMB “Should I have mammograms more often now?”

Ineffective management of therapeutic regimen* Client who has beginning diabetic retinopathy: O Ineffective management of therapeutic regimen R/T Visual impairment AMB “I can’t see those little lines on the syringe real well. I’m not sure if I get my Insulin right all the time.”

Deficient knowledge as etiology to other diagnosis O Risk for infection R/T deficient knowledge (STD) AMB “ You can’t get a disease if you wash well after sex.” O Anxiety R/T deficient knowledge (diagnostic test) AMB “ Will that CT scan hurt very much?” O Others that may use Deficient knowledge as etiology: O Risk for injury O Ineffective breast feeding O Impaired adjustment O Ineffective coping O Ineffective health management

Outcome Statements and/or Learning Objectives

Outcome statements O All about the client – __________________________________ O What the client is expected to achieve O Provides _____________________– how will you know that goal was achieved? O How it will _________________ O Expected ___________________

Outcome Statements/Learning Objectives O The client will use walker correctly after today’s lesson. O The client can measure and mix baby formula correctly by discharge. O The client will describes s/sx post-op wound infection and when to call surgeon by discharge.

Outcome Statements/Learning Objectives O The client will list 3 s/sx hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on next visit (Wednesday). O The client will properly demonstrate drawing up and administrating Insulin by tomorrow.

Plan - Teaching plan Standardized teaching plans Must be _______________ to meet the patient’s learning needs and abilities

Nursing Intervention or Implementation of the Teaching Plan O What will the nurse do to implement the teaching plan O Teaching ______________ O Teaching ________________ O Effective ______________________________ O Cultural Considerations

Teaching Strategies

Special Teaching Strategies O Client contracting O Group teaching O Computer-assisted instruction O Discovery-problem solving O Behavior-modification

Transcultural Teaching O Teaching materials in language used by client O Visual aids to communicate meaning O Concrete (not abstract) words O Time for questions; encourage questions

Evaluation What do you evaluate? How do you evaluate? Who evaluates?

Documentation of Teaching O Example: Signs & symptoms of post-op wound infection, care of the wound, and when to call the surgeon taught. S/Sx include increased redness or pain, any yellow or green drainage, any fever over 100°, if wound looks like it is coming open. Care of the wound- wash daily and as needed with soap and water, pat dry, do not cover. Call the surgeon’s office ( ) if you think you have an infection or for any other problems. Stated understanding and intent to comply.

Revising the plan O Revision is based on _____________ data obtained through the __________________. O Hold the gain - Keep it the same.

Obtaining Feedback About Learning O Reinforcing and celebrating learning O _____________________________? O Evaluating teaching O Revising the plan

Evaluate the Teaching O Nurse and client should each ________________! O Evaluate teaching done: O _______________ chosen O Timing O Teaching _______________ O Amount of info O Teaching ________________