Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon Lectures by Chris Romero Chapter 15 Tracing Evolutionary History
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.0 Are Birds Really Dinosaurs with Feathers? Evolutionary biologists - debated whether birds - fossil Archaeopteryx
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings MACROEVOLUTION AND EARTH'S HISTORY 15.1 Macroevolution - the main event in the evolutionary history of -geologic record is based on - Earth's history is marked by
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.2 The actual ages of rocks and fossils mark Radiometric dating - can gauge the actual - based on the decay time of -
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.3 Continental drift -the slow movement of Earth's -has played a major
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Continental movements - influenced distribution of - formation of Pangaea -breakup of Pangea began - created a number of separate
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings CONNECTION 15.4 Plate tectonics - the forces involved in movements of - geologic processes include
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.5 Mass extinctions - were followed by - over the last 600 million years, - at least six periods of mass extinctions have occurred, including: million - eliminated
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cause of mass extinctions is - Cretaceous extinction may have been caused by - mass extinctions have been followed by an explosive - ex: rise of
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS 15.6 Phylogeny - the evolutionary history of - traced partly from - may reveal
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Not all likenesses are inherited from Analogy: similarity due to Species from different _______________ branches may come to resemble each other if they
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.7 Binomial designation of species classification A binomial gives each species a – _______________ (a group of related species) – _______________ (within the genus) Genera are grouped into progressively more inclusive categories – Family,
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Phylogenetic tree a hypothetical hierarchy of
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.8 Cladograms - diagrams based on - each branch on a cladogram represents an
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15.9 Molecular systematics - uses DNA and RNA to - the closer the nucleic acid sequences between two organisms, the more likely they are to
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Computer DNA analysis can show exactly -comparison of entire genomes reveals – humans and
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arranging life using the five-kingdom system Prokaryotes are in kingdom: Eukaryotes are grouped into four kingdoms: -