1. Macroevolution Broad pattern of evolution Above the species level
Ex. movement of species onto land
Impact of mass extinctions on diversity of life
Key adaptations (i.e. wings in birds)

2. Fossil Record
Helps us document the history of life (reflects macroevolution)
Shows us that great change has happened over time
Many species from the past do not look like those today
Documents how new species have arisen from past ones
Incomplete record!!!

3. How Rocks and Fossils are Dated
Relative dating
-Using rock layers to determine
age of fossil
Strata- sediment layers

4. 2. Absolute Dating Common method is radiometric dating
Based on decay of radioactive isotopes
Radioactive decay
Rate of decay expressed by the half-life
Time required for 50% of parent isotope to decay
Each isotope has a unique half-life
Fossils contain isotopes they acquired during their lifetime
Carbon 12, radioactive isotope carbon 14- this decays after death into nitrogen 14

5. Geologic Record Standard time scale DO NOT NEED TO KNOW ORDER!!!
See pg. 439

6. Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
Impacts on diversity of life
Alters habitats
Climate change
Allopatric speciation on large scale

7. Mass Extinctions
Fossil record show that almost all species that have lived are extinct
Mass extinction- when many species go extinct worldwide
5 mass extinctions
6th one happening now?

8. Adaptive Radiation
Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species that have adaptations that allow them to fill new ecological roles
Has happened after each 5 mass extinctions

9. Changes in Developmental Genes
Help us to understand the biological processes that cause the changes we see in the fossil record
What are master regulatory genes called that control body pattern?
Evolutionary biologists
believe that changes in the forms
of organisms may be caused by
mutations in regulatory switches

10. Is Evolution Goal-Oriented?
NO!!!!!