Introduction And Thermal Power Plant (Steam power Plant)

INTRODUCTION India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear. Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal. Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW Thermal = 95151.74MW Nuclear = 4,120MW Hydro = 36877.76MW RES = 13242.41MW Annual power production – 680 billion KWH Per capita means how much a person receives. India’s population is 1.17 billion as of July’09. Total Production = 1,49,390MW

Break up of Power Thermal Power Plants – 75% Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21% Nuclear Power Plants - 4% Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in transmission and distribution

STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEM Power system owned by state electricity boards. Private sector utilities operate in Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad Regional electricity boards – Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, North-eastern. Power Grid corporation- Central.

Thermal Power Plants Installed Capacity – 93,392.64MW Coal based – 77,458.88MW Gas Based – 14,734.01MW Oil Based – 1199.75MW

General Layout of Thermal Power Station

Main Components Fuel Handling Unit Ash Handling Unit Boiler Unit Feed Water Unit Cooling Water Unit Generator Unit Turbine Unit

Main Circuit Fuel And Ash Circuit Air And Gas Circuit Feed Water And Steam Circuit Cooling Water Circuit

Fuel And Ash Circuit Fuel stored and fed to the boiler through conveyor belts. Broken down into proper shape for complete burning. Ash thus generated after burning is removed from the boiler through ash handling equipment

Air And Gas Circuit Air is required for combustion of fuel and is supplied through fans Air is passed through air preheater to extract energy from flue gases for proper burning of the fuel Flue gases have ash and several gases which are passed through the precipitator(dust collector) and go to atmosphere through chimney.

Feed Water And Steam Circuit Steam Converted to water by condenser. Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to have better economic operation of the plant. Some part of steam and water is lost while passing through different parts. Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler drum where it is heated to form steam. Wet steam is again heated in super heater before passing through the turbine Steam is expanded in the turbine to run it. After which again it goes to boiler for reheating

Cooling Water Circuit To condensate the steam, large quantity of cooling water is required which is taken from river or pondage After passing through the condenser, it is fed back to the river or Pondage

Boiler Flue gas – gas which comes out after burning a fuel and it contains a lot of sulphur.

Turbine

Turbine – Full View

Selection Of site Availability of cheap land. Availability of water. Availability of fuel. Possibility of future expansion of the plant. Away from the urban areas due to pollution. The initial cost of plant. Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.

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