1. POWER PLANT ENGINEERING(2171910)
CHAPTER -1
THERMAL POWER PLANT
PREPARED BY : AMIT V SHAH (ASST.PROFF , S.V.M.I.T ,BHARUCH )
YEAR : 2017 (7TH SEM MECHANICAL)

2. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANT
THERMAL POWERPLANT
GENERAL LAYOUT OF MODERN P.P
SITE SELECTION OF T.P.P
PRESENTS STATUS OF POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
GTU QUESTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
POWER PLANT is an assembly of equipment's that produces and deliver mechanical and electrical energy.
The electric energy uses in home , industry , agriculture and transportation purpose.
The electrical energy is convenient form of energy because it can be generated centrally in bulk and transmitted over long distance.
Electrical energy is generated by different form of energy. Like…water energy , wind energy , geothermal energy , chemical energy , nuclear energy.
The common sources of energy in our country are coal , water , oil and gas.
Coal is the most important commercial source of energy in INDIA.
Thermal power generation can be most reliable because coal reserves in our country are sufficient to last for some hundreds of year.
However the quality of coal produces must be improved.

4. INTRODUCTION What is thermal power?
Electricity generation using heat value of the fuel.
Energy conversion?
All power plant convert some form of easily and naturally available energy into electric energy
In thermal power plant , water is the working fluid , the source of energy is chemical energy of fuel.
Why coal?
Coal can provide usable energy at a cost of between 12 to 15 % compared to others are relatively stable
Coal is inherently higher polluting & more carbon intensive than others
However , coal is so in expensive and pollution can be control.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANT

6. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
The Steam Power Plant, Diesel Power Plant, Gas Turbine Power Plant and Nuclear Power Plants are called THERMAL POWER PLANT, because these convert heat into electric energy.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
BASE LOAD POWER PLANTS:
When capacity factor of plant is grater than 75% , the power plant is know as base load power plant.
The capacity factor is the ratio of the average power of generating plant to the rated power over given time interval.
Due to high capacity of this plant have high capital cost but low operating costs.
EX..Thermal power plant , Hydro-electric power plant and Nuclear power plant.
PEAK LOAD POWER PLANTS:
When capacity factor of plant is less than 23% , the power plant is know as peak load power plant.
This plant is operated only to meet the power demands at a time of maximum demand.
This plant requires less investment cost but high operating cost.
EX..Diesel power plant , Gas turbine power plant , Pump storage hydro-electric power plant.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
CENTRAL POWER PLANTS:
These power plants are large capacity plant and generate electric power for general sale to the all consumers.
Consumers may be from public, business or industry.
The capital cost of these power plants are very high but the operating costs are low.
Ex..NTPC,NHPC
CAPTIVE POWER PLANTS:
These type of power plants are run by manufacturing company for it’s own use and it’s output is not available for generating sale.
Ex.. IOC,ONGC,RELIANCE INDUSTRY.

9. THERMAL POWER PLANT
The steam power plants , Diesel power plants , Gas turbine power plants and Nuclear power plants are known as Thermal power plant.
However , generally steam power plant is called as thermal power plant.
The steam power plant can perform two purposes.
To generate electricity only
To generate electricity along with production of steam for process heating.
Steam power plant works on RANKINE CYCLE.
Working fluid is steam and water.
The main components of cycle are
Boiler
Turbine
Condenser
Feed pump

10. GENERAL LAYOUT OF MODERN T.P.P

11. MAIN CIRCUITS/COMPONENTS FOR T.P.P
MAIN CIRCUITS : MAIN COMPONENTS :

12. SITE SELECTION OF T.P.P AVAILABILITY OF COAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER
ASH DISPOSAL FACILITY
LAND REQUIREMENT
NATURE OF LAND
LOAD CENTER
TRANSPORT FACILITY
AVAILIBILITY OF LABOUR
SIZE OF PLANT
PUBLIC PROBLEMS
FUTURE EXPANSION

13. ADVANTAGES OF T.P.P
Fuel used is cheaper and available in large quantities.
They respond quickly to rapidly changing load on the plant.
Space required is less compared to hydro power plants.
The transmission losses are less as the plant is located near the load centre.
A portion of steam can be used as process steam for various industries.
The plant can take up to % overload without any difficulty.
Cost of electric power generation and its initial cost is less compared with other types of power plants of same capacity.
The unit capacity of a thermal power plant is more.
Unskilled operators can operate the plant whereas skilled operators are required in nuclear power plant.
The plant can be installed at any suitable site.
The time of installation is less compared to hydro-electric power plant.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF T.P.P Large quantity of water is needed.
Operation and maintenance cost is high compared to nuclear and hydro power plant.
Time needed for erection of plant before it is put to operation is more compared to gas turbine and diesel power plant.
Handling of coal and disposal of ash is difficult and it requires large space for storage of coal.
Pollution cause health problem to workers and habitants near the thermal power plant.
Starting up the plant and bringing into service takes more time.
Flue gas emitted through thermal power plant contribute to global warming.
Fuel transportation cost increases if it is located away from the mines.
The number of equipment requires more compared to others.
Number of person requires more compared to others.

15. GTU QUESTIONS: S.N QUESTIONS MARK YEAR 1
Draw general layout of modern thermal power plant. 4
2016 2
Draw general layout of modern thermal power plant with usual notation. 5 3
Explain any six factors considered in selecting a site for big thermal power plant.
What factors should be taken into consideration while selecting the site for steam power plant? 7
2015
Draw a neat layout of thermal power plant and make a list of site selection criteria for the same. 6
Define base load, average load and peak load for a power plant.
Draw general layout of modern steam power plant label major components and state the function of each component.
2014 8
Draw a steam power plant and discuss its advantages. 9
Draw general layout of modern steam power plant, label major components and state functions of each component.
2013 10
Write a brief note on present status of power generation in India. 11
Draw a neat named general layout of modern thermal power plant. State the function of feed water heaters, economizer, deaerator, steam turbine and electric generator.