Cell Organelles AS Human Biology Miss Tagore

Learning Outcomes To understand the structure and function of cell organelles To be able to recognise cell organelles by their description

How does a cell resemble a city?

What is a cell? A cell is the basic unit of life, from which larger structures such as tissue and organs are made. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, consist of just a single cell. Multicellular organisms consists of many cells – humans are made from an estimated 50 trillion cells!

Specialised cells Most plants and animals are multicellular. The human body is made up of around 200 different types of cell, all working together. Most cells are specialised, meaning that each type of cell has a specific structure and function. All cells with a nucleus contain the same genes, but different cells activate different genes so they only produce the proteins they need. However, all cells have certain common features and structures called organelles.

Animal Cell Ultra structure Plasma membrane

Animal Cell Ultra structure Cytoplasm

Animal Cell Ultra structure Mitochondrion Produces ATP by aerobic respiration

Animal Cell Ultra structure Nuclear membrane

Animal Cell Ultra structure Pore

Animal Cell Ultra structure Nucleolus Synthesis of RNA and ribosomes

Animal Cell Ultra structure Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesis and transport of proteins for export

Animal Cell Ultra structure Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis

Animal Cell Ultra structure Golgi Body Packages complex molecules for secretion

Animal Cell Ultra structure Golgi Vesicle Encloses and transports molecules

Animal Cell Ultra structure Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes

Animal Cell Ultra structure Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesis and transport of lipids

Animal Cell Ultra structure Small vacuole

Animal Cell Ultra structure Centriole Involved in the formation of spindle fibres

Animal Cell Ultra structure Fluid filled pinocytic vesicle

NameFunction Nucleus & Nucleolus Controls activities of the cell, contains the genetic information, nucleolus makes ribosomes Cytoplasm Site of chemical reactions Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport of proteins (rough ER also provides a large surface area for attachment of ribosomes ) Ribosome Site of protein synthesis Golgi Body Processes and packages materials for secretion Lysosomes Contains powerful degradation enzymes Mitochondrion Site of aerobic respiration, powerhouse of the cell Centriole Organises spindle fibres during nuclear division Cell (Plasma) Membrane Controls entry and exit of materials

Cell structures Golgi Apparatus Packages and secretes complex molecules

Secretory Vesicles Move to the surface of the cell and discharge contents. Mitochondria Site of aerobic respiration

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Large Surface area for transport of lipids

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Large surface area for transport of proteins. Ribosomes Site of Protein synthesis

Nucleus Controls all cell activities. Contains DNA and mRNA. Centrioles Involved in spindle fibre formation during mitosis/meiosis

Lysosomes Contains powerful enzymes which digest redundant structures. Cytoplasm Fluid in which many complex chemical reactions take place

What am I ? Organelles

I am surrounded by a double-membrane, I am the site of respiration reactions called the Krebs' cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, I make ATP. I evolved from bacteria many millions of years ago. I have my own DNA. What am I? The mitochondrion

Organelles I am a membrane-bound organelle, I am involved in preparing protein for secretion, I am named after an Italian scientist. What am I? The Golgi body

Organelles I am a formed when the ends of Golgi body pinches off, I move towards the cell membrane, I contain protein that is about to be secreted. What am I? Golgi vesicle

Organelles I am membrane-bound, I am studded with ribosomes, I make protein that is locked inside my centre. What am I? Rough E.R.

Organelles I am formed when the cell membrane folds inwards, I contain food that is digested by the cell. What am I? Phagocytotic vesicle

Organelles I am membrane-bound and do many jobs, some of the involve getting rid of toxic substances, I contain the enzyme catalase. What am I? Peroxisome

Organelles I am a small pore around the control centre of the cell, I allow messages used to make protein to get into the cytoplasm. What am I? Nuclear pore

Organelles I can be found on vesicles or free in the cytoplasm, I am the site of protein synthesis. I am not really an organelle. What am I? Ribosomes

Organelles I am not really an organelle, I am flexible and surrounded many organelles. What am I? Membrane

Organelles I am used to separate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, I am set of two protein chains arranged at 90° to each other. What am I? centriole

Organelles I am part of the nucleus, I make ribosomes. What am I? nucleolus