THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM bill nye part 1

I. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM * delivers OXYGEN to cells (RBC’S) * removes CARBON DIOXIDE * transports NUTRIENTS to body cells * defense (WBC’S & PLATELETS) * transports chemicals (ex. HORMONES)

II. BLOOD VESSELS A. ARTERIES * AWAY from the heart * carry oxygenated blood (LOTS of OXYGEN)

B. VEINS * TOWARD the heart * deoxygenated blood (LOTS of CO 2 ) * have VALVES - prevent blood from flowing back

C. CAPILLARIES * CONNECT arteries to veins * TINY (one RBC through at a time)

III. HEART * 4 hollow chambers separated by the SEPTUM A. ATRIA (ATRIUM) - collecting chambers B. VENTRICLES - pumping chambers * PACEMAKER controls heartbeat; electrical signals

IV. THE JOURNEY - starts on the right side A. RIGHTATRIUM * blood OXYGEN poor (deoxygenated) * lots of CARBON DIOXIDE * returning from BODY * blood passes through VALVE to:

B. RIGHT VENTRICLE * pumps blood to LUNGS * CO 2 exhaled & O 2 picked up * blood returns to the: C. LEFT ATRIUM * lots of OXYGEN * blood passes through VALVE to: D. LEFT VENTRICLE * pumps blood to entire body through the AORTA - largest ARTERY * 6X stronger than right ventricle

V. BLOOD * CONNECTIVE tissue * 5 liters

A. PLASMA - LIQUID portion - 55% of blood (90% of this WATER) - contains NUTRIENTS, ENZYMES, HORMONES, WASTES

B. RED BLOOD CELLS - ERYTHROCYTES - 25 TRILLION - transport O 2 & CO 2 - contain HEMOGLOBIN (iron containing protein)

C. WHITE BLOOD CELLS - LEUKOCYTES - fight DISEASE; defense system RBC : 1 WBC

D. PLATELETS - CELL FRAGMENTS - aid in blood CLOTTING * FIBRIN: - helps blood clot; mesh trap

VI. BLOOD GROUPS ** In 1900, Karl Landsteiner classified blood into 4 groups: * type of blood determined by presence or absence of ANTIGENS ON RBC’S

TYPE CAN RECEIVE FROM CAN DONATE TO * O = UNIVERSAL DONOR * AB = UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT If any of 18 proteins in blood: POSITIVE No Rh proteins in blood: NEGATIVE * AGGLUTINATION- if given the wrong blood type, RBC’S clump (can’t transport O 2 )

VII. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE * affect the heart and BLOOD VESSELS

A. A. ATHEROSCLEROSIS * ARTERIES narrowed * caused by CHOLESTEROL (fatty) deposits ** ARTERIOSCLEROSIS - hardening of the arteries

B. HYPERTENSION * HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ~ BLOOD PRESSURE produced by the force of blood & the resistance of the blood vessel walls ~ b.p. rises each time the  CONTRACTS to pump blood through blood vessels and falls each time the  RELAXES between beats

C. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION * HEART ATTACK * blood flow to heart stopped

open heart surgery

STROKE

D. ANEMIA * blood transports too little OXYGEN * low IRON

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