Label all the states and territories on the Kansas Nebraska Map on pg. 53.  Color in all the free STATES except California (do not color in territories)  Color in all the slaves STATES another color (do no color the territories)  Draw a thick line around the free states  Draw another thick line around the slave states  Draw a third thick line around all the western states

Bellwork  How many slaves did most Southerners own?  Why was slavery so important to the South?

Sectionalism 8.4-2

I. Sectional Differences A. Sectionalism = loyalty to a particular region or section of the country B. Why did sectionalism develop? Different parts of the country had different economies which led to differences between what they wanted

I. Sectional Differences C. Early Sectionalism develops in colonial times. 1. North was a trading region and gradually freed their slaves. 2. South was based on agriculture and depended on slaves to grow cotton. 3. This led to different political allegiances.

I. Sectional Differences NorthSouth Economy Trade and industryPlantation system Slaves Gradually freed slaves Kept slaves Political Party Federalists Whigs Democratic-Republicans Democrats Labor Source European Immigrantsslaves

II. Growth of Slavery A. By the 1820s, there were more African Americans than whites in the South.

II. Growth of Slavery 1. This led to a fear of slave revolts. 2. Slave Codes created after the Stono Rebellion were strengthened to protect whites. 3. It became illegal for slaves to meet together, read or write. B. Slave rebellions like the Denmark Vesey Plot in Charleston and Nat Turner’s Rebellion Virginia make slave owners nervous.

Denmark Vesey  Vesey buys his own freedom  Joins the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1817  Plans to take over the city, kill all the whites, and burn it down  Nervous slaves reveal the plan  35 are executed

Response to Revolts  Vesey’s church is burned to the ground  Seaman Act: any free black coming to Charleston on a ship would be lodged in the local jail  Any African Americans who cannot prove they are free are slaves  Slaves could not testify in court  No more than 5 slaves could gather at one time

Nat Turner  3 visions showing him that he needed to “slay his enemies”  1831: with four other slaves murdered his master’s family  Continued on murdering whites, numbers increased  Captured, executed, skinned  Over 200 slaves killed by hysterical mobs  s/nat-turners-rebellion#nat- turners-rebellion

II. Growth of Slavery C. America is expanding west. There is constant arguing about allowing slavery in the new lands.

II. Growth of Slavery D. Southerners fear that if slavery Is not allowed in the west, the government would be controlled by the North and they would outlaw slavery.

Bellwork 1. How did Southerner’s defend slavery? 2. What is the cause of sectionalism?

Bellwork Slaves did not revolt very often, however, they did protest in three ways: work slow downs, breaking tools, and pretending to be sick. How would you protest in each situation? (You can make up your own, probable, way). You have recently been brought to the Plantation as a slave. The master keeps shouting at you to work harder. You have been chosen to be the taster for the master’s food. You are out working in the fields. It is very hot and you are fed up with working. The master has a lot of animals – sheep, pigs and chickens – that are used to supply food. You are working in the blacksmiths making tools for other slaves to use in the fields. It is evening, a group of slaves are sitting round the fire. Someone has a drum.

III. Abolitionists A. Abolitionist = someone who wants to outlaw slavery 1. Strongest in the north. However, most Northerners were not abolitionists. B. The Liberator = anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison 1. Convinced people to become abolitionists 2. Anti-Slavery newspapers were thrown out by postmasters in the South

III. Abolitionists C. Abolitionists like Sarah and Angelina Grimke were forced to leave SC or stay quiet. D. Underground Railroad was not active in SC because we were too far away from the North for slaves to make it.

III. Abolitionists E. How did Southerners defend slavery to abolitionists? Slavery was a “positive good” because the owners took care of slaves.

IV. Northern Economy A. Over time, the North began to rely on industry and factories. B. Many immigrants from Europe came to the North to work in the factories. I. Northern states had larger populations than Southern states and therefore had more votes in the House of Representatives.

IV. Northern Economy 2. Southerners fought to keep an even balance of slave states and free states in the Senate. Why? Each state had 2 votes, so this would prevent the North from completely controlling Congress.

IV. Northern Economy C. By the late 1820s, both the Democratic- Republican and the Federalist Party ceased to exist. Instead, Northerners joined the Whig Party and Southerners were Democrats. (White Southerners would continue to be Democrats until the 1960s.)

Review Questions 1. Name the three regions that developed in the US. 2. What is the name of the time period we are studying? 3. What is the cause of sectionalism? 4. What was the economy of the North? The South? 5. What was the labor source of the North? The South? 6. Why were whites so worried about slave revolts? 7. Name the three slave revolts we have studied. 8. What are slave codes? 9. How does westward expansion lead to arguments? 10. Who is William Lloyd Garrison? 11. How did Southerners try to stop abolitionists? 12. What effect did the Underground Railroad have on SC? 13. What political party did citizens in the North and South belong to?

Assignment  Take out the worksheet with “George Fitzhugh advocates slavery.”  Read it. Make a list of reasons why slavery is a good thing.  Read “To the Public” and “The Meaning of the Fourth of July”  Make a list of reasons why slavery is wrong. Improvident = careless, wasteful Exigencies = won’t put aside what they need Providence = being careful with your things Deprecate = denounce, don’t like Despotism = like a tyrant Ennui = extreme happiness Benevolently = nicely

Examples