Advances in Electromagnetic Theory Ivor Catt. 14 December 2011

Diagrams of a charging capacitor from Wikipedia’s “Displacement Current”

Where Wikipedia say I D or E, they should say dD/dt

For 150 years after Maxwell, nobody, even Heaviside, noticed that when electric current/charge entered a capacitor it first had to spread out across the capacitor plates. After this was pointed out, the fact was ignored for the next thirty years. (It undermines “Displacement Current”)

V2/EMTvol2p318-9.jpg

A capacitor is like 1, not 2..

dD/dt both must and must not create magnetic field. So the statement; “A capacitor is a transmission line” will never be published or taught.

This is how a capacitor charges

Illustrations of the TEM step.

Traditionally. when a TEM step (i.e. logic transition from low to high) travels through a vacuum from left to right, guided by two conductors (the signal line and the 0v line), there are four factors which make up the wave;

- electric current in the conductors, i - magnetic field, or flux, surrounding the conductors B - electric charge on the surface of the conductors +q, -q - electric field, or flux, in the vacuum terminating on the charge, D

The TEM Wave Traditionally. when a TEM step (i.e. logic transition from low to high) travels through a vacuum from left to right, guided by two conductors (the signal line and the 0v line), there are four factors which make up the wave; - electric current in the conductors, i - magnetic field, or flux, surrounding the conductors B - electric charge on the surface of the conductors +q, -q - electric field, or flux, in the vacuum terminating on the charge, D

The key to grasping the Question is to concentrate on the electric charge -q on the bottom conductor.

. The step advances one foot per nanosecond. Extra negative charge appears on the surface of the bottom conductor to terminate the new lines (tubes) of electric flux D which appear between the top (signal) conductor and the bottom conductor.

“The Catt Question.” Since 1982 the question has been: Where does this new charge come from?

. Sir Michael Pepper, Knighted "for services to Physics", says it comes from the south. Nobel Prizewinner Professor Josephson says it comes from the west. Accredited experts line up, half behind Pepper (Southerners) and half behind Josephson (Westerners). Professor Martin Rees, President of The Royal Society, and Master of their College (Newton’s college), would do nothing about the contradiction.

Both are wrong. Since the charge would have to travel at the speed of light, it would have infinite mass. Electricity is not fit for purpose, its primary purpose being to help a Battery to light a lamp.

Implications. We must progress to “Theory C”. If a TEM step travels down in a dielectric between two conductors, electric current is not involved. Some field penetrates an imperfect conductor.

Although a cloud cannot exist without edges, the edges of a cloud do not exist. They have no width, volume, or materiality. However, the edges of a cloud can be drawn. Their shapes can be manipulated graphically and mathematically. The same is true of the so-called ‘electric current’.

This error, of thinking that the mathematical manipulation of something which is real (the field) is also real (electric current and charge) has never occurred before in science. We know that the field is real, because it conveys the energy from battery to lamp, which lights the lamp, and we see the lamp light up. Maxwell’s equations show us how to manipulate field to give charge and current.

Is the mathematical manipulation of something which is real always also real?

Science has today been hijacked by mathematics. Within today’s culture of mathematical physics, the question cannot be asked. It can no longer be admitted that mathematics might move us from the real to the unreal. In The Mysterious Universe, p113, Professor James Jeans says; “…. The universe appears to have been designed by a pure mathematician.”

Field between the two conductors

Pepper (Southerner) and Josephson (Westerner) cannot grasp “The Catt Question” because they see a sine wave, not a pulse. They mention “frequency”. “The Catt Question” becomes hopelessly confused.

The move from “Slab” to “Rolling” Until this point, you saw “The Heaviside Signal”. We had “a slab of (unchanging) energy current.” Now E causes H causes E

E causes H causes E? In the middle of a pulse, with no changes, this is impossible. So the pulse is excluded from electromagnetic theory. Also, the professors and text books must not point out that E and H are in phase.

Now E causes E! Omitting the constants, dE/dt= -dH/dx and dH/dt= -dE/dx. (When Catt points out that also, dE/dt= - dE/dx, he has to be ignored)

The real reason for the – sign in the formulae, thought to indicate a spurious causality between E and H, has to be suppressed. Like the length and breadth of a brick, E and H coexist. They are in fixed proportion.

Key formulae missing from all text books

ANIMATIONS/THEORY_C_ANIMATIONS.htm

fieldtest3.avi

fieldtest.avi