Periodic Table of Elements

The periodic table is organized like a big grid. The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act. Just like a grid, the periodic table has rows (left to right) and columns (up and down). The rows and columns each mean something different. Elements as Building Blocks

Left to right Also called rows Seven periods on the periodic table just like seven class periods in a day. All the elements in a period have the same number of energy levels or shells. Period 1 – 1 energy level Period 2 – 2 energy levels Etc.... Periods (like PERIODic table)

Also called families or columns (just like the columns of a building) Up and down The elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons. Group #1 – 1 valence electron Group #2 – 2 valence electrons Group #13 – 3 valence electrons Etc... Groups

9/26/11 Families on the Periodic Table Vertical groups are also called “families” Elements in a family all have similarities on how they act or look, just like the members in your family! Families have names along with numbers (just like your family has a common last name) ‏ Families

Color all of your METALS (the hot pink ones) one color of your choice

Almost 75% of all elements are classified as metals. Characteristics of a metal: Conductors – let heat and electricity pass through Malleable – easily bendable Luster – shiny Metals

Color all of the METALLOIDS (the green ones) a second color of choice

Elements on both sides of the zigzag line (except Al) share properties of both metals and nonmetals. Properties: Solids Can be shiny or dull Ductile (can be drawn into wires) Malleable Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals Metalloids

Color the NONMETALS (the yellow ones, don't forget H) a third color of choice

Non-Metals Located on the right side of the stair-step, PLUS HYDROGEN! Many of the Nonmetals are gasses and liquids Properties: Insulators – do not let heat and electricity pass through Brittle – will break if you try to bend it Dull

Let's label the solids, liquids and gasses – don't forget a key: Put a “tear drop” for the liquids (the blue ones) Put a “dot” for the gasses (the red ones, and don't forget H) The rest of them are solids, so we won't label those

Hydrogen and Helium do not fit with their column that they are located in. Hydrogen has the properties of both groups one and seven. Helium can only have two electrons in its outer energy level but it is grouped with elements that have eight. Two at the Top

Group I – except Hydrogen One valence electron They are all VERY reactive. When put pure elements in water, they will cause huge explosions. Metals, shiny, and light in weight. Not the kind of metals you would use for coins, cars, or buildings. Found in nature in batteries, salt, bananas Alkali Metals

Group II Two valence electrons Second most reactive family on the periodic table. Found in nature – radioactive radium used to be found in glow-in-the-dark paints. Others are found in fireworks, flashbulbs, and in your bones. Alkaline Earth Metals

Groups 3 – 12 Transition metals break the rule. They have a lot of electrons and like to share them with other atoms to bond. Transition Metals

Group XVII (17) Seven valence electrons, they really want one more to make a full valence electron ring!!! VERY Reactive Halogens

9/26/11 The Noble Gases Noble Gasses We are “Nobility”! We do not mix with any other group!!!

Group XVIII (18) “Happiest” family of all the elements. Outermost energy level is full Do not react with other elements Very stuck up (think McCollough of the periodic table!) Noble Gases