Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Domain Bacteria Proteobacteria From the mythical Greek god Proteus, who could assume many shapes Gram-negative Chemoheterotrophic
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria Pelagibacter ubique Discovered by FISH technique 20% of prokaryotes in oceans 0.5% of all prokaryotes 1354 genes
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria Obligate intracellular parasites Ehrlichia: Tickborne, ehrlichiosis Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers R. prowazekii: Epidemic typhus R. typhi: Endemic murine typhus R. rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.1 Rickettsias
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications p. 307 The Alphaproteobacteria Wolbachia: Live in insects and other animals
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications p. 307 Wolbachia
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figures 11.2b, 11.3 The Alphaproteobacteria Have prosthecae Caulobacter: Stalked bacteria found in lakes Hyphomicrobium: Budding bacteria found in lakes
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.19 The Alphaproteobacteria Plant pathogen Agrobacterium: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria Chemoautotrophic Oxidize nitrogen for energy Fix CO 2 Nitrobacter: NH 3 NO 2 – Nitrosomonas: NO 2 – NO 3 –
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.5 The Alphaproteobacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria Produce acetic acid from ethanol Acetobacter Gluconobacter
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.5 The Betaproteobacteria Thiobacillus Chemoautotrophic; oxidize sulfur: H 2 S SO 4 2– Sphaerotilus Chemoheterotophic; form sheaths
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.6 The Betaproteobacteria Neisseria Chemoheterotrophic; cocci N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure The Betaproteobacteria Zoogloea Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.7 The Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas Opportunistic pathogens Metabolically diverse Polar flagella
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonadales Moraxella Conjunctivitis Azotobacter and Azomonas Nitrogen fixing
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.14b The Gammaproteobacteria Legionellales Legionella Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers L. pneumophilia Coxiella Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.8 The Gammaproteobacteria Vibrionales Found in coastal water Vibrio cholerae causes cholera V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria Enterobacteriales (enterics) Peritrichous flagella; facultatively anaerobic Enterobacter Erwinia Escherichia Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Serratia Shigella Yersinia
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.9a The Gammaproteobacteria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.9b The Gammaproteobacteria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria Pasteurellales Pasteurella Cause pneumonia and septicemia Haemophilus Require X (heme) and V (NAD +, NADP + ) factors
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure The Deltaproteobacteria Bdellovibrio Prey on other bacteria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Deltaproteobacteria Desulfovibrionales Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure The Deltaproteobacteria Myxococcales Gliding Cells aggregate to form myxospores
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Epsilonproteobacteria Campylobacter One polar flagellum Gastroenteritis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure The Epsilonproteobacteria Helicobacter Multiple flagella Peptic ulcers Stomach cancer
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0 Phototrophic Oxygenic photosynthesis Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria Cyanobacteria Gliding motility Fix nitrogen
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Cyanobacteria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria Purple sulfur Purple nonsulfur Green sulfur Green nonsulfur
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Purple Sulfur Bacteria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Clostridiales Clostridium Endospore-producing Obligate anaerobes
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.17b Bacillales Bacillus Endospore–producing rods
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Bacillales Staphylococcus Cocci
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. [Insert Figure 11.19] Figure Lactobacillales Generally aerotolerant anaerobes; lack an electron- transport chain Lactobacillus Streptococcus Enterococcus Listeria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.20a, b Mycoplasmatales Wall-less; pleomorphic µm M. pneumoniae
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Actinobacteria High G + C Gram-positive
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Actinobacteria Actinomyces Corynebacterium Frankia Gardnerella Mycobacterium Nocardia Propionibacterium Streptomyces
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Streptomyces
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Streptomyces
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Actinomyces
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Planctomycetes Gemmata obscuriglobus Double internal membrane around DNA
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Spirochetes Borrelia Leptospira Treponema
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Bacteroidetes Anaerobic Bacteroides are found in the mouth and large intestine Cytophaga: Cellulose-degrading in soil
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Fusobacteria Fusobacterium Are found in the mouth May be involved in dental diseases
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Domain Archaea Extremophiles Hyperthermophiles Pyrodictium Sulfolobus Methanogens Methanobacterium Extreme halophiles Halobacterium