1. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter 11, part D and E
The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2. Gram positives - Two groups: Low G+C and High G+C
Include common soil bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, endospore formers and several human pathogens
Gram-positive Firmicutes Enterococcus and Clostridium
Bacillus or coccus shaped

3. Clostridiales Clostridium Endospore-producing Obligate anaerobes
Epulopiscium
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
Way big bacteria
Surgeonfish symbiont
1,000,000 x the size of most bacteria
Figure & 15

4. Clostridium Obligate endospore forming Anaerobic rod
Clostridium botulinum
botulism
Clostridium tentani
tetanus
Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene

5. Bacillales
Bacillus
Endospore-producing rods
Figure 11.16b

6. Lactobacillales - Coccus Gram (+)
Staphylococcus
Cocci
Catalase positive
S. epidermitis
S. aureus
Figure 1.17

7. Lactobacillales - Gram (+) cocci and rods
Generally aerotolerant, lack an electron-transport chain
Catalase negative
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus
Hemolysis
Alpha
Beta
gamma
Enterococcus
Listeria
Figure 11.18

8. Mycoplasmatales Wall-less, pleomorphic 0.1 - 0.24 µm (very small)
M. pneumoniae
Figure 11.19a, b

9. Actinobacteria High G + C Gram-positive
Include Mycobacteria, Corynebacteria, and Actinomycetes. The important pathogenic genus, Mycobacterium, as well as the filamentous genera Streptomyces and Actinomyces, which form conidiospores.

10. Actinobacteria Often filamentous Lots of antibiotics from this group
Actinomyces
Corynebacterium
Gardnerella
Mycobacterium
Acid fast
Propionibacterium
Streptomyces
Figure 11.20b

11. Domain Archaea Hyperthermophiles Thermus Methanogens Methanobacterium
Archaea lack peptidoglycan.
They typically live in extreme conditions
Hyperthermophiles
Thermus
Methanogens
Methanobacterium
Extreme halophiles
Halobacterium
Figure 11.25

12. Microbial Diversity Bacteria size range
Thiomargarita (750 µm) to nanobacteria (0.02 µm) in rocks
Figure 11.26

13. Microbial Diversity
PCR indicates up to 10,000 bacteria/gm of soil. Many bacteria have not been identified or characterized because they:
Haven't been cultured
Need special nutrients
Are part of complex food chains requiring the products of other bacteria
Need to be cultured to understand their metabolism and ecological role