MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BASED ON NEW DIGITAL PHASED ARRAY BEAMFORMING TECHNOLOGY Alexander Kharlan Vasily Ruchenkov Vadim Teplyakov Yaliny IAC-15-B2.1.4

Problem Global satellite communication networks exist, but: They are obsolete Their services are expensive They have coverage issues designed in 1990s orbit decays ground infrastructure is hard to operate up to $800 for the phone up to $85 monthly fee up to $6 per minute Iridium® is the only network with full coverage

Our solution: the Network Yaliny global communication network: 135 operating LEO satellites 40 ground stations 1 mission control centre

Our solution: the Network 9 orbital planes Full coverage in subpolar areas Orbit: 600 km SSO low latency high quality low radiation less power consumption thermal control stability high solar power supply efficiency full Earth coverage 135 operating LEO satellites… where?

Our solution: the Network operating LEO satellites… and that’s it? Single satellite reliability, R System reliability, P Orbital reserveGround reserve: n additional satellites n redundancy system modernization future expanding Orbital reserve: 1 additional satellite in each of the 9 planes

Our solution: the Launch 135 operating LEO satellites + 9 reserve satellites… makes 144 in total? operating orbit #1 operating orbit #2 operating orbit #3 time phasing orbit passive flight engine burn starting point: 48 out of 144 satellites are launched here Total manoeuvre duration & cost: group 1 (16 satellites) group 2 (16 satellites) group 3 (16 satellites)

Our solution: the Satellite A satellite has been developed by our team to meet al the mission demands. Satellite parameters Mass630 kg Dimensions2000 x 1400 x 1250 mm Power capabilities~ kW Propulsion parameters Thrust178 mN Specific impulse 1550 sec Subscriber connections limitup to Lifetime10 years ion thruster main antennae feeder antennaes ADSC sensors intersatellite link

Our solution: the Demands Main antennae Intersatellite link Onboard computer high gain cost-efficient high number of independent digital beams substantial scanning angle high-energy particle radiation resistive last gen FPGA support high clock speed Data transfer channels account for Doppler effect varying bandwidth support high spectral flexibility and efficiency optical communication high information throughput low latencies

Our solution: the Antennae Classic phased arrayFully digital phased array 40 to 100 thousands phase shifters (depending on the band – Ku or Ka) only 1 beam in the overall pattern complicated feed system single high power consuming transmitter leads to overheating cost-prohibitive dozens of thousands of elements (receiving & transmitting morules, analogue-digital converters, etc) tremendous final cost vast power consumption lots of computational resources for digital beamforming and processing huge amounts of data NOT SATISFACTORY

Advantages: less complicated beam-steering fewer phase-shifters simplified phase-shifters Our solution: the Antennae Yaliny develops an antennae system combining advantages of those mentioned. It is a hybrid Digital- Analogue Active Phased Array (DAAPA). digital and analogue beamforming in the DAAPA

Our solution: the Antennae Mill’s cross reduces the amount of phase-shifters from 256 to 32 per sub-array significant gain loss high level of side lobes Multimode radiator sub-array fewer phase-shifters any type of polarization big size tangible gain loss Configuring the sub-array parameters

Our solution: the Antennae Other possible solution: dielectric lens decreasing the number pf phase-shifters limits the scanning sector dielectric lens is used to divert the limited radiation pattern to a required angle range with lens without lens Test ESLA without dielectric lens and with it

Our solution: the Antennae The dielectric lens still has substantial dimensions and mass, which can be significantly decreased by using an artificially synthesized dielectric material obtained by perforation or distribution of thin metal objects, using thin tapes and lightweight foam material as a base. Subscriber angle Beam width (analogue beam) Covered spot, km Beam width (digital beam) Covered spot, km Gain, dB BeginningEndWidthBeginningEndWidth 0°-3,34°3,34°6,68°35х35-0,19°0,19°0,38°2х251,1 13°9,59°16,45°6,86°37х3812,79°13,19°0,4°2.1х °22,34°29,78°7,44°44х5025,77°26,2°0,43°2.5х2.950,3 39°34,83°43,44°8,61°60х8338,75°39,25°0,5°3.5х4.848,8 52°46,86°57,81°10,95°100х20051,69°52,32°0,63°6х1146,5 65°58°74,71°16,71°300х90064,54°65,46°0,92°17х11644,4 Other options: nonuniformly-spaced sub-arrays polyomino-tiled sub-arrays hybrid radiators: commutable radiators or sub-arrays with amplitude and phase distribution control + mirror, lens or diffraction lattice. A combination of all solutions mentioned above is used to reach the required beam parameters

Conclusions Start Research & development In-lab experiments Test satellite construction Test satellite launch Satellite production Infrastructure creation Satellite network operation structural and thermal analysis have been largely completed 2 test satellites will be launched in Dec., 2016 hardware construction has begun

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