WARM UP What was Watergate?

FORD AND CARTER How did Ford and Carter affect foreign policy?

INFLATION Large national debt from Vietnam. U.S. dependence on foreign oil from the Middle East. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) raised oil prices. Overseas competition

FORD Pardoned President Nixon for his involvement in Watergate. Cut government spending, triggering the worst recession in 30 years. Helsinki Accords: agreements between Eastern and Western European countries.

CARTER Easily won the White House because Republicans were unhappy with Ford’s leadership. Carter was a peanut farmer and former governor from Georgia. Held “fireside chats” on radio and TV

CARTER’S DOMESTIC AGENDA Encouraged Americans to cut their use of gas to help end dependence on foreign oil. National Energy Act placed taxes on big cars and encouraged oil mining in the U.S.

ECONOMIC CRISIS WORSENS Violence in the Middle East and OPEC price hikes made economy worse. By 1980, inflation climbed to nearly 14%, which was the highest in almost 40 years. The standard of living in the U.S. slipped from 1 st place to 5 th place.

CARTER’S FOREIGN POLICY Wanted to promote human rights around the world. Cut off money to countries that tortured their own citizens. Gave the Panama Canal back to Panama. Tried to pass SALT II Treaty which limited the production of nuclear weapons between the U.S. and USSR.

CARTER AND THE MIDDLE EAST Camp David Accords: peace agreement with Israel and Egypt Iran Hostage Crisis: Muslim Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew shah of Iran (US ally). Carter allowed shah into the U.S., and Iranians took over the U.S. embassy in Iran, holding 52 Americans hostage for 444 days.

CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT How did Presidents Reagan and Bush usher in an age of Conservativism?

NEW RIGHT Reformed Republican party that focused on issues like opposing abortion, cutting welfare, and bringing back school prayer. Rejected some of the results of Civil Rights, like busing and affirmative action. Influenced by the Moral Majority, Christians who wanted to bring back “family values” like lowering the divorce rate and out-of-wedlock births.

REAGAN Ran in 1980 on issues like ending abortion, pornography, and the teaching of evolution. Wanted to reduce the size of the government, so he cut entitlement programs like welfare. Reaganomics: if people paid fewer taxes, they would save more, providing more money to banks to lend, leading to more investments. Increased military spending.

REAGAN AND BUSH Appointed conservative Supreme Court justices. Sandra Day O’Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony M. Kennedy, William Rehnquist, Clarence Thomas Decreased the size of the government by deregulation, or cutting back of the federal regulation of industries. By the end of the decade, economy was doing well.

END OF THE COLD WAR How did the end of the Cold War affect the United States?

COLD WAR ENDS Mikahil Gorbachev planned to restructure the Soviet Union Glasnost: allowed open criticism of the government. Perestroika: restructured Soviet society to become more democratic. Berlin Wall came down in Bush and Boris Yeltsin declared the end of the Cold War in 1992.

NICARAGUA Somoza family rigged elections, so the U.S. sent aid to the rebelling Sandinistas in In 1981, Reagan accused the Sandinistas of allying themselves with the Soviet Union, so he cut ties with them. Reagan supported the Contras and sent the CIA to help them overthrow the Sandinistas.

IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR American hostages were kidnapped in Lebanon by Iranian loyalists. Secretly, Reagan sold Iran weapons in exchange for the release of the hostages. He then used the profits from the deal to give weapons to the Contras in Nicaragua.

PERSIAN GULF WAR Iraq (under Saddam Hussein) invaded Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. U.S. worried that Iraq could control 1/3 of the world’s oil, which would threaten our oil supplies. President Bush launched Operation Desert Storm to free Kuwait from Iraqi control.

EXIT TICKET Korean War Vietnam War Iranian coup of 1953 Iranian Revolution Nicaragua Iran-Contra Affair In 2-3 sentences, answer the following question while keeping the events to the left in mind: Was the United States justified in all of its actions in the Cold War? Why or why not?

MODERN DAY How has the world changed in your lifetime?

CLINTON Clinton pledged to get the country out of the economic crisis of the early 1990s. Clinton was popular because he embraced liberal and conservative programs. Pledged to make health care affordable. Reduced the federal budged deficit by cutting taxes and spending leading to a government surplus.

CRIME AND TERRORISM 1999: Columbine shootings 1993: bombing of World Trade Center 1995: Oklahoma City bombing 2001: 9/11 terrorist attacks

FOREIGN RELATIONS Clinton sent troops to Haiti, Yugoslavia, and Kosovo to help end regional conflicts. Increased U.S. trade with China. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) allowed free trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

CLINTON’S DOWNFALL After the failure of Clinton’s healthcare plan, Republicans gained control of Congress, causing deadlock. Whitewater: Clinton accused to using money from a land deal to fund a campaign. Allegedly had an affair with Monica Lewinsky and lied under oath. House of Representatives fell short of impeaching him.

2000 ELECTION Democrat: Al Gore Republican: George W. Bush Early on, Al Gore appeared to take the lead. Florida’s results were “too close to call” and a recount lasted for weeks. Supreme Court stopped the recount and Bush was declared the winner.

GEORGE W. BUSH Created the Department of Homeland Security after 9/ : Began bombing of Afghanistan for harboring Osama bin Laden and al- Qaeda. Feared that Saddam Hussein was hiding weapons of mass destruction and invaded Iraq in 2003.

HOW HAVE THINGS CHANGED IN YOUR LIFETIME?