1. Conservativism US History

2. Conservativism vs Liberalism

3. Liberal I. Two Views: Liberal and Conservative A. Liberal Ideas and Goals 1. Believe federal government should play an active role to improve the lives of all residents 2. Support social programs and government regulation of industry 3. Favor cooperation with international organizations (like the United Nations)

4. Conservative I. Two Views: Liberal and Conservative B. Conservative Ideas and Goals 1. Believe private organizations (like Salvation Army…Feed My Starving Children) and individuals should care for the needy, not the government 2. Oppose government regulations, want less 3. Support a strong military Continued

5. The Reagan Years

6. Pride in America When Reagan was elected, Americans were largely unsure of their government after 20 years of unrest. His largest task was to change people’s attitudes.

7. Reaganomics Tax CutInvestment Part of Reaganomics: the president gave the general population tax cuts hoping it would increase private investment. Giving a company money so they can improve their company and make more money. You “own” a piece of the company and as they make more money, your piece of the company is worth more money. (dividend)

8. Market Economy Market Economy: A type of economy where consumers (people) are free to buy and sell as they please with little government control.

9. Supply-side Economics Reagan’s theory cut taxes so people would invest more. Encourage small businesses create competition. Deregulate industry More businesses = more workers needed = more taxpayers = increased money to government. Reagan signed into law a 25% tax cut in 1981.

10. Social Programs Many social programs cut because of a lack of money to the government. Environment, education, and health care concerned many people.

11. Challenging Issues Recession until end of 1982 Budget deficit (spend more than take in) National debt (government bonds) Savings and Loan Crisis American students low test scores AIDS Social Security

12. Iran Contra

13. Nicaragua In Nicaragua, there were two groups fighting: the Sandinistas (communist) and the Contra Rebels. Reagan strongly supported the Contras. However, in 1986 Congress passed a law making it illegal to support the Contras.

14. Iran to Nicaragua In the Middle East, the US has a policy against selling weapons to Iran. Reagan officials make a deal to sell arms to Iran in exchange for hostages held in the Middle East. 3 hostages are released and 3 more taken captive.

15. The Scandal With money from Iran weapons sales, the CIA sends aid to the Contras in Nicaragua.

16. The Scandal cont. Someone leaks the story. Top Reagan Administration officials are arrested. Two are convicted. Reagan is never directly connected with the illegal activity, although he almost certainly knew about it.

17. End of the Cold War

18. Reagan supports the buildup of United States military.  Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) – shoot down missiles from space (never worked!)  Reagan supports anti-communist movements around the world (Go Contras!)  Mikhail Gorbachev pursues policies of glasnost and perestroika  Gorbachev knows USSR can’t match the US military buildup  Berlin Wall tumbles  Communists lose power in Europe (1989-1991)  Soviet Union disbands in 1991

19. Fall of the Soviet Union

20. Video Questions 1. Why was the Wall Built? 2. How did the Wall come down? What caused it?

21. Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev was economically weak in the mid 1980s

22. Gorbachev Continued Gorbachev made peace agreements with the United States, especially in the area of nuclear arms.

23. Relaxing Control Tension increased when he held elections and made changes to basic communist thought. Also encouraged East European nations to go towards democracy.

24. Fall of Berlin Wall The fall of the Berlin Wall was the ultimate sign that communism had ended in Germany and other eastern European countries.

25. New Focus The fall of communism coincided with the rise in terrorism. Fighting it would require very different strategies – ones not yet understood.

26. Due on Friday: 1970s Learning Packet & Reading Packet 1970s Outline Conservativism LP & RP Conservativism Outline

27. DUE AT THE END OF CLASS Review of 1970s and Conservativism DUE AT THE END OF CLASS Get a textbook Answer the Comprehension Questions under Terms and People on the following pages: 605637 613644 619649 (ONLY Saddam Hussein & 632 Operation Desert Storm)