8.1 Energy and ATP

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs  Energy that living things need, originates from the sun  Autotrophs- trap energy from the sun to make their own food  Heterotrophs- get their energy by consuming food (other organisms  Heterotrophs- get their energy by consuming food (other organisms)

Chemical Energy and ATP  Energy comes in many forms  Light, heat, electricity and can be stored in compounds  o_5oYuDY2qM o_5oYuDY2qM o_5oYuDY2qM  ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its bonds  Cells use it to store and release energy

ATP  Consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose) and three phosphate groups  The phosphates are key to storing energy

Question of knowing  ATP consists of what three parts?

Answer  Adenine, a 5- carbon sugar, and three phosphates  be.com/watch?v= 4S6X7qaLjvk be.com/watch?v= 4S6X7qaLjvk

Storing Energy in ATP  Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) – similar to ATP but only has two phosphates.  When a cell wants to store energy it adds a phosphate to ADP to make ATP

ATP is like a Battery  Picture ATP as a charged battery  ATP provides the energy needed to carry out many functions in the cell   ATP = 3 phosphates = stored energy  ADP = 2 phosphates = energy already released

Storing Energy

Releasing Energy  Energy stored in ATP is released by taking away a phosphate  ATP can provide energy for active transport, protein synthesis etc.

Releasing Energy

Question of Knowing  When a phosphate is added to ADP, a small amount of energy is __________.  When a phosphate is removed from ATP, energy is __________.

Answer  Stored; Released

ATP use  ATP is constantly being used and renewed in cells.  Only a small amount of ATP is present in cells  Good for transferring and using energy, but not great for storage  Most energy is stored in sugars and starches and then broken down into ATP when needed