Fatigue Risk Management Capt Jo Gillespie Gates Aviation Ltd London

Jo Gillespie 30 years and 14,000 hours as a pilot Military, general, business and commercial 30+ years in aviation safety & risk management 17 years Emirates Flight Safety Accident/incident investigations Flight safety programmes SMS implementation Expert witness

Three Principal Fatigue Factors 1.Duration and quality of sleep 2.Time awake 3.Circadian cycle

Factors Affecting Duration/Quality  Environment  Comfort, light, temperature, privacy  Interruptions  Noise, vibration  Age  Deteriorates with aging  Sleep disorders  Insomnia, apnoea  Substances  Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, drugs

Definitions (ICAO) Fatigue: Fatigue Risk Management: A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from sleep loss, extended wakefulness, circadian phase, and/or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a person’s alertness and ability to perform safety related operational duties. A data-driven means of continuously monitoring and managing fatigue-related safety risks, based upon scientific principles, knowledge and operational experience that aims to ensure relevant personnel are performing at adequate levels of alertness

ATSB Safety Message … while this occurrence highlights the difficulties associated with assessing fatigue, operators and crew share responsibility for managing the risk of fatigue. Operators can reduce fatigue risk by providing crew with adequate rest opportunity, comprehensive training in fatigue management, and tools designed to support objective self-assessment of their alertness. Crew can then use the knowledge and tools to help identify when fatigue is present and may affect safety.

Effects of Fatigue Inconsistent/slower reactions Impaired: – Recollection – Communication – Concentration – Hand/eye co-ordination – Visual perception – Vigilance – Judgement ‘Tunnelling’ of thought Irritability Propensity to sleep

Fatigue Risk Management FRM & SMS ICAO Guidance on FRM Roles & Responsibilities Principal Fatigue Factors Effects of Fatigue Fatigue Hazards in Humanitarian Operations Fatigue Hazard Mitigation Fatigue Management Assurance Fatigue Risk Training

Fatigue Risk Management Capt Jo Gillespie Gates Aviation Ltd London

Mid-Air Collision Risk & Air Traffic management Capt Jo Gillespie Gates Aviation Ltd London

Threats in the TEM Context What is a ‘threat’? Hazard? Refresher of TEM framework What ‘threats’ do we encounter in routine operations? What solutions can we propose to manage those threats? Who should we direct those solutions to?

Previous Workshop - Somalia Drones and military traffic – the potential for NMAC/MAC between civil and military traffic operating without ATC VHF frequency congestion Poor ATC – numerous issues identified See & Avoid – often the only available defence, required by ICAO SARPs and state regulations but known to have functional weaknesses

Previous Workshop - Somalia Unknown or unreported traffic, no transponder and/or TCAS – operators report encounters with aircraft which do not make themselves known Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) – because of the absence of ATC all ops are VFR but sometimes this is hard to maintain Language Regulation – poor regulation is considered to foster bad practices and poor services

Mid-Air Collision Risk & Air Traffic management Capt Jo Gillespie Gates Aviation Ltd London