States of Matter Solids, Liquids, Gases and Plasmas

States of Matter All matter consists of particles, called atoms and molecules, that are way too small to see with the naked eye. Atoms are the smallest part of elements Molecules are the smallest part of compounds. These atoms and molecules are always in motion, bumping into one another (Brownian motion). The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles are moving and how strong the attraction between the particles is (intermolecular forces).

Solids Molecules are close together and locked in place, but still vibrate Definite shape and volume Strongest intermolecular forces

Solids Two types: 1.Crystalline- these solids have a very orderly 3-D arrangement of atoms. 2.Amorphous- are composed of atoms or particles that are arranged in no particular order.

Liquids Molecules move fast enough to flow and slip out of position Can change shape, but not volume Intermolecular forces are weaker than solids, but stronger than gases

Gases Molecules move so fast that they are widely separated Can change BOTH shape and volume Weakest intermolecular forces

Plasma Atoms or Molecules are so heated they start to lose electrons, becoming ionized. Actually the most common state of matter in the universe (due to its presence in stars), but less common on Earth.

Temperature The higher the temperature, the higher the energy a particle has and the faster it moves. Adding heat to a substance is also adding energy. If you add or remove enough energy, substances tend to change states.

Changes of State Melting - Solid to a Liquid. Boiling / vaporization - Liquid to Gas throughout. Evaporation - faster moving liquid particles on the surface escape to gas. Condensation - gas to a liquid. Freezing /Crystallization –liquid to solid Sublimation- solid to a gas.

Sublimation