The Emergence of Mass Society Chapter 5 Section 2

A. The New Urban Environment Emergence of mass society in industrial world Emergence of mass society in industrial world For the 1st time, gov’ts had to concentrate to please the lower classes For the 1st time, gov’ts had to concentrate to please the lower classes Migration into the cities in large #’s Migration into the cities in large #’s 1800 to 1900 London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million people 1800 to 1900 London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million people Many lived in cramped apartments called tenements Many lived in cramped apartments called tenements Disease spread easily Disease spread easily The gov’t forced to create better housing and sanitation The gov’t forced to create better housing and sanitation Better housing and sanitation = longer life and more population Better housing and sanitation = longer life and more population

B. Social Structure of Mass Society After 1871, a higher standards of living After 1871, a higher standards of living Social Classes of Europe Social Classes of Europe 1) Wealthy elite: 1) Wealthy elite: 5% of the population 5% of the population controlled 30 to 40% of the wealth controlled 30 to 40% of the wealth Business owners, bankers, and military leaders Business owners, bankers, and military leaders 2) Upper Middle Class 2) Upper Middle Class lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc. lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc. 3) Lower middle class: shopkeepers, traders, etc. 3) Lower middle class: shopkeepers, traders, etc. 4) White-collar workers: 4) White-collar workers: Salespeople, secretaries, phone operators, etc Salespeople, secretaries, phone operators, etc

5) Working Class 5) Working Class 80% of Europe’s population 80% of Europe’s population most of them were unskilled most of them were unskilled Often joined unions and participated in strikes Often joined unions and participated in strikes

C. The Experiences of Women and Children 1800, women educated to be mothers and wives 1800, women educated to be mothers and wives Legally inferior to their husbands economically dependent on his income Legally inferior to their husbands economically dependent on his income The 2 nd I.R. created opportunities for many women The 2 nd I.R. created opportunities for many women Not enough men to fill the low-paid white collar jobs, so women filled these Not enough men to fill the low-paid white collar jobs, so women filled these Women were secretaries, operators, etc. Women were secretaries, operators, etc. This led to women having less children and the creation of birth control This led to women having less children and the creation of birth control Childhood was usually over at age 9 or 10, when children learned a trade Childhood was usually over at age 9 or 10, when children learned a trade

D. Women’s Rights 1. Feminism 1. Feminism Movement for women’s equality Movement for women’s equality Began in Enlightenment Began in Enlightenment 1870, British women win right to own property 1870, British women win right to own property Women denied professions dominated by men Women denied professions dominated by men Many women were nurses Many women were nurses Florence Nightengale in the Crimean War and Clara Barton in the U.S. Civil War Florence Nightengale in the Crimean War and Clara Barton in the U.S. Civil War -transformed nursing into a women’s profession -transformed nursing into a women’s profession

2. Women’s Suffrage 2. Women’s Suffrage 1840s and 1850s, women want the right to vote In Europe, Emaline Pankhurst used publicity stunts to get attention for women’s suffrage Egged gov’t officials, burned RR cars, smashed dept. store windows, etc. Women in U.S. were given the right to vote after WWI 19 th Amendment

E. Changes in Education and Leisure A result of Mass society was universal education A result of Mass society was universal education People needed better job skills so they went to school People needed better job skills so they went to school More people were voting, thus they needed to be educated More people were voting, thus they needed to be educated An increase in leisure time An increase in leisure time People read newspapers focused on gossip and violent crimes People read newspapers focused on gossip and violent crimes People went to amusement parks such as New York’s Coney Island People went to amusement parks such as New York’s Coney Island People also began to engage in team sports People also began to engage in team sports