Ch. 5

More than 3,000 minerals in our Earth. Are substances found in our Earth that are not animals or plants.

Are classified into three groups 1. Igneous 2. Sedimentary 3. Metamorphic

When existing rocks are exposed to heat and pressure they metamorphosis and change to form a new rock.

Sand, mud, and pebbles pile up under water and are pressed together to form a rock. Examples include: Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Siltstone,

“Fire Made” is it’s nick name. When melted rock cools either quickly or slowly to form this rock. When it cools quickly it has flowed to the surface – basalt When it cools slowly, it cools inside of the Earth - granite

Can be found in sedimentary rocks and amber. Any imprint or remains that lived long ago.

Shells, bones, teeth, footprints can become fossils. Three types of Fossils 1.Imprints 2.Molds 3.Casts

Tree sap that has hardened

Any material burned for energy

Formed from the remains of plants and animals from long ago. Layers of decayed plants form peat. Over time the peat in the soil changes into coal. Examples of fossil fuels: Oil and oil products, Natural gas, and Coal.

Shallow prints or marks in a solid rock. Living things made the imprints by pressing on the materials that later turned into rock.

An empty space in a rock were something once was. Water seeps in and breaks down the living thing and leaves a space. Example – shells

Made inside of a mold by minerals that seep into a mold. A hard copy of the mold made of minerals.

A nick name that scientist have given animals that have not changed over time. Examples: cockroach, alligator, lobsters