E NDOCRINE S YSTEM N OTES

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (pp ) There are two systems that regulate the body. The nervous system relays information to the body using ___ _________________________ that travel very _______, but the messages are short- lived. The endocrine system uses _________________, or _________________ messages that travel through the _________ to relay information to the body.. Electrical system fast hormoneschemicals blood

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine system is slower-acting, but the action of hormones is _______________________. The ____________________, which maintains homeostasis in the body, controls most of the glands of the endocrine system. Longer lasting hypothalamus

I. ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION A. Hormone Production Hormones help regulate growth, metabolism, appearance, behavior, growth, reproduction, and fluid balance. Most hormones are produced by _______________ glands. endocrine

ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION Endocrine glands are unique because they are ductless; in other words, hormones are secreted into ____________________ and the _____________________ system transports the hormone to its destination. Its destination is known as its ______________. A hormone may have only one target, or it may have several. the blood circulatory target

ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION B. Control of Hormone Production Hormone release is regulated by a mechanism known as ____________________________. Information about the effect of the hormone is “fed back” to the gland. When the desired condition is reached, the gland ________________________________________ Negative feedback Switches off

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

TYPES OF HORMONES C. Types of Hormones – Hormones can be placed in two groups based on chemical structure: 1. Peptide hormones – Most hormones are composed of _________________ and are known as peptide hormones. 2. Steroids – _____________ molecules derived from _____________________. Include the sex hormones - ________________________________ proteins Lipid cholesterol testosterone & estrogen

HORMONEGLANDEFFECT Growth Hormone Pituitary Gland Stimulates _mitosis_; undersecretion results in _dwarfism__; oversecretion results in _gigantism_ Thyroxine Thyroid Regulates __metabolism____; requires _iodine___ for normal function Insulin Pancreas _Lowers________ blood _glucose___ concentration by stimulating cells to take up glucose; triggers storage of glucose as _glycogen______; not produced in individuals with _Type I Diabetes_____ Glucagon Pancreas __Increases______ blood glucose concentration by breaking down _glycogen_______ stored in liver to glucose

Epinephrine (_Adrenaline_) Adrenal Glands Known as _”fight or flight”________ hormone  _Bronchioles___ dilate to increase air flow for _cellular respiration_____  _Glycogen_____ in the liver is broken down to glucose for _cellular respiration____  _Heart___ rate is increased  Blood flow to the _skeletal__ muscles increases  Blood flow to the _digestive____ system is decreased

Testosterone Testes Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; _meiosis_____ to produce __haploid____ sperm cells. Estrogen/Prog esterone Ovaries Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; __meiosis______ to produce __haploid_____ egg cells.