DAY 28: CHINA UNIT 4
QIN DYNASTY, 300BC 1 st to create unified Chinese empire Shi Huangdi =“first emperor” Harsh rule: Legalism People naturally bad, rulers need to be strong, punishing, strict, ordered Rejected Confucianism Standardized laws, writing, coins, weights Roads, canals, peasants pay heavy taxes Great wall of China to defend frontier Shi Huangdi dies, peasants rebel
HAN DYNASTY, 206BC-AD220 Confucian scholars, regained popularity Wudi (141-87BC) Gov’t monopoly on iron and salt Civil service system : gov’t workers must pass exam Colonized Korea, Manchuria, Vietnam, link to Roman Empire Overthrown by warlords
HAN SOCIETY Filial Piety : obedience and devotion to parents/grandparents (even as they age)—Father** Sons valued more than daughters, carry on family line Science : astronomy, acupuncture Technology : paper, rudder on ship, wheelbarrows
GROWTH OF TRADE Han Products: Iron armor & swords Pottery, jade/bronze objects Silk (most prized)-secret! Han official: Zhang Qian, increased trade w/ West Trade goods for horses (blessed by Heaven) Silk Road : 4K miles, from China to Mediterranean
BUDDHISM IN CHINA Spreads through trade (from India to China) 1 st century, AD Han Gov destabilizes Buddhism was message of escape form suffering By AD 200, spread through China This is an example of Cultural Diffusion !
TANG DYNASTY 618 Emperor Tang Taizong General, gov’t reformer, historian, calligraphy master Vietnam, Tibet, Korea tributary states Empress Wu Zhao Restores Han uniform gov’t, rebuilt civil service system Land reform : broke up large farms and redistribute land to peasants Strong central gov’t, weakened aristocrats Increased gov’t revenue, farmers pay taxes
SONG DYNASTY 960 Expands economy Improved farming methods, open borders Grand Canal reaches peak in trade Paper money, foreign trade centers Gentry : wealthy landowning class Served in gov’t, could afford to study Confucian classics Learning > labor Peasants can move up w/ education Merchants lowest class, not valued in Confucianism Overthrown by Mongols in 1200
WOMEN AND CULTURE Dowry : payment women brings to marriage Can never remarry or leave, joins husband’s family Foot binding : lily-shaped, symbol of nobility and beauty Peasants did not so they could work Tang & Song Culture Artists paint nature, realistic, vivid Pagoda: multistoried temple with curved eaves Porcelain, glazed pottery, poetry (Li Bo)
DOWNLOAD THE “CHINESE DYNASTY CHART” Under Unit 4 Assignments Complete on a separate sheet of paper Turn in when finished BEFORE YOU LEAVE CLASS