VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING Under the Subject Industrial Safety and Environment || || ||

Meaning of ventilation It is a process by which fresh air is introduced and used air is removed from an occupied space. The primary aim is to preserve the quality of air. It is the method of controlling worker exposure to air borne disease, due to constant exposure to contaminated air for hours, by removing used air with clean air. || || || 2

Legal Requirements  Ventilation and removal of fumes is required under section 14 and 59 of factory act  SECTION 14(3): stipulates that where gases vapor or other fumes are generated which may be injurious to health, effective and suitable ventilation must be provided for securing and maintaining flow of fresh air in workplace.  SECTION 59(2): Specifies that measures to be taken shall includes providing local exhaust ventilation to remove dust and there source of emission. || || ||

Purpose of ventilation Provide sufficient supply of air/oxygen. Remove the product of respiration and body odour. Remove contamination and harmful chemicals Remove heat generated by people working. Create some degree of air movement which is essential to feel freshness. To maintain temperature and humidity in all conditions || || ||

Health Effect due to poor Ventilation Poor ventilation can induce irritation, impair concentration and cause fatigue. It may cause various diseases like LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE ( cause headache and muscle pain ) HUMIDIFIER FEVER (cause fever, lethargy) Poor ventilation is significant to the phenomena known as ‘sick building syndrome’ during which occupant may complaint for dry throat, headache and sore dry eyes. || || ||

Sources of ventilation Natural ventilation Mechanical ventilation Ventilation || || ||

Natural ventilation Natural ventilation is movement of air in and out of premises through windows, doors without any mechanical aid. It is unsteady in nature as it is controlled by geographical features. Opening must be atleast 5-10% of floor area. It is the only feasible solution in industries due to huge cost benefits. || || ||

Type of natural ventilation Controlled natural ventilation Infiltration Natural ventilation || || ||

CONTROLLED NATURAL VENTILATION: it is the intentional displacement of air through specific opening such as window,doors by using natural force. INFILRATION: it is random flow due to unintentional openings by winds, temperature difference. || || ||

Mechanical General Ventilation Mechanical or forced ventilation is provided by an air handler and used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates much energy is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air. Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the perceived temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants. || || ||

Mechanical general ventilation is done in two ways: Blowing air from outside into the room resulting in the development of a slight positive pressure inside and constant flow of air from outside to inside and then out. Sucking out the air inside the room with the help of exhaust fans and developing negative pressure inside the room. This will draw outside air inside to replace the foul air thrown and out by the fan. || || ||

Mechanical ventilation can be effected as follows: By using exhaust fans. By the use of positive ventilation i.e., by the use of supply fans coupled with suitable ducts to force fresh air from outside the enclosure. By combination of exhaust fans and positive ventilation. || || ||

AIR-CONDITIONING || || || The control of the quality, quantity, temperature and humidity of the air in an interior space is called Air-Conditioning. WORKING OF AIR CONDTIONERS

TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS || || || WINDOW UNITS

SPLIT-SYSTEM UNITS || || ||

CHILLED_WATER SYSTEM || || ||

UNITS BTU AND EER  Air Conditioners have their capacity rated in British thermal units (BTU  A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise temperature of one pound (0.45kg) of water one degree Fahrenheit (0.56c) 1 BTU =1055 Joules 1ton=12000 BTU (heating & cooling)  A typical window type air conditioner might be at BTU. For 2000 square feet house  The energy efficacy rating (EER) of an air conditioner is its BTU rating over it its wattage. For e.g BTU consumes 1200 watts EER =1000/1200 = 8.3  Higher the EER higher the ac and higher its prize 17www.absairtech.in || || ||

NEED/USES OF AIR-CONDITIONING || || ||  Comfort for Human itself, as in house, working at office, travelling and in other specific Physical works.  INDUSTRIES : Air-Conditioning makes the atmosphere of working zone very comfortable, It helps to avoid Dust, Rusting & Humidity which can damage important components # LASER operated CNC Machining # CAD/CAM offices and working zones # Measurement Lab # Administrative Blocks  OTHERS : It is being used at every possible place, Some are # Forensic Labs # Hospitals # Museum # Vehicles and Air-Crafts