H UMANITARIAN C RISES IN OIC C OUNTRIES : F IVE R EMEDIES FOR B UILDING R ESILIENCE AND R EDUCING V ULNERABILITIES SESRIC

Outline  Surge in the number of humanitarian crises in OIC countries  Increase in natural disasters and conflicts  Lack of capacity at community, national and international level to address the challenges  Significant gaps in financing humanitarian development and good governance  Need for OIC countries to develop their own mechanisms to build resilience and reduce vulnerability  Five sets of actions for building resilince and reducing vulnerabilities

Surge in Humanitarian Crises i.Number of conflicts is increasing Conflict Trends Source: SESRIC staff calculations based on the Uppsala Conflict Database Trend line (Non-OIC) Trend line (OIC)

Surge in Humanitarian Crises ii.Number of natural disasters is increasing Total Number of Natural Disasters over Time ( ) Source: SESRIC staff calculations based on EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database

Surge in Humanitarian Crises iii.Number of displaced people is increasing Total Only 2014 Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) Total Displacement in OIC and Non-OIC CountriesTotal Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Protected/Assisted by UNHCR Source: UNHCR

Lack of Capacity i.Lack of good governance and more fragile states The Worldwide Governance Indicator, Government Effectiveness Source: SESRIC staff calculations based on the World Governance Indicators, 2015 Update Distribution of Fragile State Index, 2015

Lack of Capacity ii.Lower levels of human development Human Development Index

Lack of Capacity iii.High welfare inequality > USD 1 million USD 100,000 to 1 m USD 10,000 to 100,000 < USD 10,000 USD 1.9 trillion (23.3%) USD 1.9 trillion (23.4%) USD 2.7 trillion (33.2%) USD 1.6 trillion (20.1%) Total wealth (% of OIC) Number of adults (% of OIC population) Wealth range Wealth Pyramid of OIC Countries (2014) Source: SESRIC staff calculation based on data provided by Credit Suisse on Global Wealth for 2014.

Lack of Capacity iv.Vulnerability vs Hazard & Exposure Index in OIC Countries (2015) Hazard & Exposure Index (2015) Vulnerability Index (2015) Source: Index for Risk Management (INFORM),

Lack of Capacity v.Vulnerability vs Lack of Coping Capacity Index in OIC Countries (2015) Lack of Coping Capacity Index (2015) Vulnerability Index (2015) Source: Index for Risk Management (INFORM),

Five Sets of Actions i.Promote inclusive societies and inclusive development ii.Strengthen social capital, mediation and partnership iii.Invest in human capital and facilitate social mobility iv.Intensify disaster risk reduction and management practices v.Mobilize innovative financing mechanisms for humanitarian aid and development assistance

Five Sets of Actions i.Promote inclusive societies and inclusive development a)Ensure fair distribution of welfare and inclusive growth b)Improve the transparency, accountability and responsiveness of institutions for good governance c)Enhance inclusive decision making and support civil society activities d)Ensure equal access to public infrastructure and services Institutional Quality and Governance (2014)

Five Sets of Actions ii.Strengthen social capital, mediation and partnership Conflict Vulnerability Index, Levels of Fragility (2015) Source: SESRIC staff calculation based on The Fund for Peace FSI Index. a)Strengthen social capital and eliminate discrimination of people b)Improve local and institutional capacity for conflict prevention c)Ensure effective mediation for peacebuilding and post-conflict recovery d)Encourage volunteerism for a sense of common obligation e)Promote regional partnership for cooperation

Five Sets of Actions iii.Invest in human capital and facilitate social mobility a)Strengthen health systems for resilience b)Improve accessibility and quality of education c)Invest in skills development and enhance employability d)Address the challenges of youth and disadvantaged groups Skills Levels Literacy Rates

Five Sets of Actions iv.Intensify disaster risk reduction and management practices a)Expedite the efforts for climate change adaptation b)Adopt a policy shift from response to prevention and mitigation c)Integrate disaster risk management concerns into national development planning d)Strengthen the capacity of the institutions for disaster risk management e)Improve strategic planning for response and recovery, and invest in local capacities Vulnerability to Disasters

Five Sets of Actions v.Mobilize innovative financing mechanisms for humanitarian aid and development assistance a)Improve aid effectiveness and reduce aid dependency b)Develop alternative financial mechanisms for building resilience c)Utilize Islamic social finance for humanitarian aid and development assistance d)Strengthen collaboration between OIC and the UN Institutions on Islamic social finance for humanitarian actions Humanitarian Response Plans 2015

Call for Accelarated Action The proposed remedies for reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience in OIC countries are mostly long-term solutions to humanitarian crises These solutions can be better realized if specific targets and timeframe are set. However, there is a need for immediate action. Multilateral partnership is critical for resolving discrete challenges. There is a need to build a new cooperation paradigm of interdependent relationships. Exit strategies should be developed to prevent protraction Embarking on own potential to solve own problems could be highly effective Everyone has a role to play

DISCUSSIONS Thank you for your attention H UMANITARIAN C RISES IN OIC C OUNTRIES : F IVE R EMEDIES FOR B UILDING R ESILIENCE AND R EDUCING V ULNERABILITIES