Learning Objectives Mandate of Heaven 2- The Han Dynasty The rulers of China believed that Heaven chose individual dynasties to rule. A dynasty could lose the mandate by being overthrown by the people. From 206BCE to 202CE, the dynasty grew from a skilled bureaucracy, which eventually became corrupt. Warlords began attacking everyone, taxes rose, and the farmers rebelled. China broke apart into kingdoms like Europe did after the fall of Rome.
Learning Objective 3 3- The Great Wall of China Qin Shi Huangdi was the first emperor to order the building of this wall for the defense of his empire. Over the course of 2000 years, dynasties rebuilt and extended it for various reasons.
The Sui Dynasty CE Emperor Yang Jian ends 300 years of disunion and unifies China Builds the Great Canal (1114 miles long) Allowed rice to be shipped from the south to the north
The TANG Dynasty CE Used aristocrats, noblemen, to govern the empire Officials collected taxes and oversaw building and irrigation projects Empress Wu ruled the empire for nearly 45 years, only female ruler in China’s history 907- The dynasty falls apart due to peasant rebellions Empress Wu Taizong Gaozong
Civil Service Examinations The Tang Dynasty wanted to put the most talented and knowledgeable in the right government positions Created Civil Service Exams, candidates took long tests to prove their qualifications for office Most of the tests were based on the works of Confucius In theory, any man could take a test and move up However, only rich aristocrats could pay for books and have extra time to study
Sui and Tang Trade Travelers followed the Silk Road from the Arabian Peninusla to Chang’an, China’s capital Not only did they trade goods such as silk, jade, sugar, medicines, and porcelain, they exchanged ideas about life, religion, and war Goblets made of glass were new to China Christians, Jews, Muslims, and Buddhists were allowed to set up houses of worship Buddhism became a huge religion in China!!! $5,600,000
Tang’s Changing Attitudes Near the end of the dynasty, foreigners became less welcome, violence broke out against foreign merchants People resented Buddhist monasteries because they were wealthy (did not have to pay taxes) 843-Tang govt starts seizing Buddhist property, weakening Buddhism in China Trade started shifting from the Silk Road to the sea
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Learning Objectives The Tang Dynasty 5- Civil Service Examinations This dynasty used aristocrats to govern the empire and had the only woman ruler, Empress Wu. The Silk Road brought new goods and ideas, such as Buddhism to China. However, near the end, the empire resented foreigners and Buddhism (due to wealth), while trade shifted from the Silk Road to the sea. The Tang Dynasty created a system, where candidates for important positions would take long tests based on Confucius’ teachings. The dynasty wanted the most qualified as rulers. However, only the rich aristocrats could afford to take the tests.