Nationalism in Europe

Where is this in the textbook? Chapter 10-Nationalism; Triumphs in Europe Page Chapter Covers-Germany, Italy, Nationalism threatening ‘Old Empires’, Russia Overall Concept- How nationalism changes Europe leading to a political change in Europe and a struggle for power.

Important terms about Germany Otto von Bismarck Chancellor Realpolitik Annex Kaiser Reich

Which of the follow do you agree with? A. Feeling pride in one’s country is a citizen’s responsibility B. Feeling little pride in one’s country makes a person a trouble maker C. Feeling too much pride in one’s country can be dangerous D. Expressing pride in one’s country-in any fashion-is a citizen’s right

German Unification From German States to a nation Steps towards unity Impact of Napoleon (French Dictator) Made important territorial changes A) Annexed land along the Rhine River B) Added German nations to the Rhine Confederation C) France forced it’s self on Germans-began Franco- German rival.

More Steps………….. Prussian Leadership: 1830’s Prussia creates an economic union Zollverein: Dismantled tariff barriers between German states Goal: To help unify Germany, but politically remained fragmented

How to get Germany politically unified???? 1848—In the Frankfurt Assembly agreed to offer William IV the throne (German Prince) ………More unity He declined!!! Because it came form the Assembly and not a “Royal”

OK so new plan needed……….. Enter….. Otto von Bismarck “ Not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions…….but by Blood and Iron!” --Otto von Bismarck

Otto Von Bismarck Prussian Junker Class-Conservative Land owning nobles Diplomat to Russian & France 1862-King William I made him Chancellor (highest official)

Master of Realpolitik Realistic politics based on the need of the state What is the scary part about Realpolitik? …….What is this called??? * Social Darwinism (Survival of the fittest) Even though he wanted a unified Germany he was most loyal to Prussia Germany is to be a piece of The Prussian Empire

Strengthening the Army Proposed to build a great army “Blood and Iron” King says “No” What does he do?? -Takes the money raised for something else (social programs, welfare) to build what he felt the state needed. Power, well-equipped army=aggressive foreign policy Over the next decade Bismarck leads Prussian into 3 wars---each increased Prussia’s power and paved the way for German Unification

WAR!! 1. Denmark and Austria Bismarck makes an alliance with Austria and they attack Denmark Short war Prussia and Austria win and divide the “spoils” Bismarck then attacks Austria for the land back (double crosser) “annexed” several German states Prussia took control of the German Confederation …………..Guess who’s watching this all Happen?? FRANCE

Franco-Prussian War When Prussia beats Austria, France is worried about the balance of power Prussia/Germany still upset about that whole Napoleon thing…. Bismarck wants war….He knows William I and Napoleon III don’t like each other so he decides to instigate a fight * Ems Dispatch-telegraph-between William and Napoleon….intercepted by Bismarck * He edits it and releases it to the press

Dispatch Bismarck's edits makes the telegram look like William called Napoleon III weak Napoleon III declares war on Prussia…………….. Plays right into Bismarck's hands

German Nationalism Otto von Bismarck unites Germany His goal is to create a great empire in a short period of time What countries were Bismarck competing with?

Franco Prussian War Continued……. France vs. Prussia: Prussia wins with help from German states…they smashed France “We don’t know when or how Germans……. but we’ll get you!!” --France accepts a humiliating peace

Birth of the German Empire William I of Prussia-Kaiser of Germany Beginning of the 2 nd Reich (empire) Bismarck write an new constitution Two Houses Bunderat-upper house, appointed Reichstag-lower house elected Bunderat can veto anything the Reichstag does Sounds like the 1&2 nd Estates in France!!

Germany’s Strengths Industrial giant Railroads Promoted scientific and economic advancement Aggressive foreign policy=keep France weak alliances with Austria and Russia Controlling domestic policy=targeted 1. Catholic Church-Kulturkampf (battle for civilization) 2. Socialist Pioneer in social reform -health & old age insurance

Bismarck’s Legacy Overall a successful unification……. Excellent public school Funded the army (already the best in Europe) Built up the Navy to compete with Britain Germany becomes a very industrialized country This inspires other countries to unify or break away from Imperial Ruler.

Nationalism Threatens Old Empires Old Empires Ottoman Empire Austrian Hungary Empire Prussian Empire Why would the idea of nationalism impact these Imperial giants?

How will nationalism affect: Serbia Belgium Denmark