Classification of Matter SWBAT classify matter based off its characteristics.

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.

States of Matter hys.gif

Plasma A Fourth State Of Matter Plasmas are the most common state of matter in the universe. All stars are composed of plasma. The charged air produced by lightning is a plasma.

Plasma A Fourth State Of Matter Heating a gas gives electrons enough energy to dissociate from the nucleus, resulting in the presence of free electrons and ions. Because the electrons are no longer bound to the nuclei, they move freely through the plasma. This makes plasmas highly conductive – a unique property that makes them a different state of matter.

Elements Made up of one type of atom. Cannot be chemically broken down. Have a symbol on the periodic table. (Fl is not on the periodic table.)

Compounds Two or more elements chemically combined. The elements do not retain their own properties when they form compounds. Examples: NaCl, H 2 O, CH 4

Pure Substance Consists of one chemically distinct material – could be an element or a compound Every sample of a particular substance has the same set of properties. It cannot be separated by physical means.

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Mixtures Two or more substances physically combined. Substances retain their own properties. Composition can vary from one mixture to another. Example: sweet tea

Homogeneous Mixture Has a uniform composition throughout the mixture Also called a “solution” A solution can be: – Liquid, like sweet tea – Gas, like air (O2, CO2, N2 and others) – Solid, like stainless steel (iron, chromium, and nickel)

Solutions (Homogeneous mixtures) Solvent – Substance doing the dissolving. Usually present in larger quantities. Solute – particles dissolved in a solution A solvent dissolves the solute. The solute becomes dispersed in the solvent. Solvents and solutes can be solid, liquid, or gas

Heterogeneous Mixture Not uniform. Areas of distinctly different composition. Example: sand on the beach

Physical vs Chemical Changes in Matter During a chemical change, the composition of matter changes. Bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. What are the signs that a chemical change(reaction) has taken place?

Physical vs Chemical Changes in Matter In a physical change, the original substance still exists. It has just changed form. Some properties change, but the composition of the substance is the same. Boiling, freezing, melting, and condensing are used to describe physical changes. These are reversible physical change. Grinding, breaking, crushing, and cutting also describe physical changes, but these are not reversible.