Unit 2 Study Guide Review Civil Liberties and Rights Study Guide

Bill of Rights Civil liberties that have been secured by the citizens

Free Exercise & Establishment Gives people the right to believe whatever they choose to believe in matters of religion

Exclusionary Rule Deter police misconduct

Affirmative Action A way to overcome the effects of past discrimination

Free Speech and Sedition Defined: guaranteed in the 1 st Amendment Limits: developed the clear and present danger rule to overcome sedition

Free Assembly Defined: guaranteed in the 1 st Amendment Limits: protect against the inciting of violence or the endangerment of life

Right to Privacy Defined: guaranteed under the 9 th Amendment Limits: limits abortions to within the 1 st trimester

Capital Punishment & Double Jeopardy Capital punishment is constitutional You cannot be put on trial for the same crime more than once Limit: Mandatory death penalty law is unconstitutional

List the requirements for a legal arrest Probable cause or a warrant to search a suspect

List the requirements for a fair trial Speedy/public trial Trial by jury Adequate defense

Due Process Clause Guarantees that individuals will not be denied basic fundamental rights

Miranda Warning You have the right to remain silent You have a right to an attorney

14 th Amendment No person can be denied fair treatment by the government

Separate but Equal Doctrine Paved the way for 60 years of continued segregation

Civil Rights Acts 1964 Outlawed unfair accommodations and hiring based on race

Freedom of Speech Tinker vs Des Moines Students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War Supreme Court sided with the students because their actions did not cause disruption

Freedom of Press Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Students wrote a newspaper article on divorce and teen pregnancy. Their principal wouldn’t allow it to be published. The students felt that their 1 st Amendment rights were violated. Supreme court sided with the school because it was inappropriate

Freedom of Religion Engel v. Vitale Students and parents complained of a prayer being read at the start of each school day. They felt that it violated the Establishment Clause. Supreme Court sided with the parents and students Santa Fe v. Doe Students and a parent complained of a prayer being read before football games. Supreme Court said that school approved prayer was unconstitutional

Due Process NJ v T.L.O. Student was searched; cigarettes and marijuana was found. Supreme court ruled that it was ok for schools to search student in order to maintain safe environment

Youth and Civil Disobedience

SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Played a coordinating role in many sit-ins and freedom rides Major goal was to register voters all through the south

Greensboro Four Four black freshmen at North Carolina A and T Took seats at the segregated lunch counter at Woolworths in Greensboro NC Sat peacefully until the store closed Came back the next day with 25 more students to lead a peaceful protest

Linda Brown and Little Rock Nine Linda Brown 1954 won Supreme Court case that said segregation in schools was unconstitutional Little Rock Nine were 9 black students (chosen for their excellent grades and attendance) who integrated the public school in Little Rock AR

Children’s March Students in Birmingham, AL left school and led a peaceful protest of the segregationist policies of the South Bull Connor Fire hoses Dogs Jailed

Freedom Riders Civil Rights activists who rode interstate busses challenging segregation Aimed at desegregating public transportation in the South