Prime Minister Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) Actions and Way Forward Alok K Sikka Deputy Director General Natural Resource Management Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi

Water and Food Security: Challenges By 2050 Rainwater Management Water Productivity Irrigation Efficiency (+111 M t) (-324 BCM) National Food Security 2050 (+20% IE) (+46% WP) Sustainability 20 Agro-Ecological Regions Canal Water Management Groundwater Management Wastewater Management Water Resource Development and Management Climate Change

State-wise Irrigated and Rainfed Area ( )

Irrigation coverage and productivity of rice/rice-based cropping systems are the lowest in the eastern region Irrigation Coverage & Productivity of Rice-based Cropping

PMKSY: An Approach Synergy and Convergence PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani) : creation of new water sources through minor irrigation schemes, repair, restoration & renovation of water bodies, creating & rejuvenating traditional water storage systems, strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources, rain water harvesting structures AIBP: faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop): efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm PMKSY (Watershed Development): effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities eg. ridge area treatment, drainage line treatment, rain water harvesting, in-situ moisture conservation activities on watershed basis.

Bridging the gap between irrigation potential & utilisation Enhance water use efficiency & Management Provide Access to Irrigation to every farm (Har Khet ko Pani) Creating/Strengthening Water distribution network Creating water sources & storages VisionVision 6 StrategyStrategyOutcomeOutcome More crop per drop Enhanced Farm productivity Rural Prosperity Increased irrigated area

7 InstituteDateStates IIWM, BhubaneswarSept 7-11, officers from eastern states (Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar ) IISWC, DehradunSept 21-25, officers from 7 northern states (J&K, HP, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, MP, & Chhattisgarh) ICAR RC NEH, Meghalaya Oct 5-9, officers from NE states (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mehghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura) NASC Complex, New Delhi Oct 13-17, 2015 Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh Capacity Building Programs Organized at ICAR Institutes Conducted four short courses for IAS and IFS Officers ICAR Resource persons at NWDA & NIRD

8 Field visits were also organized to Khuntapingoo watershed at Keonjhar, Puri canal system, Centre of Excellence-Horticulture, rubber dam of ICAR-IIWM to make the trainees aware about watershed management and irrigation system.

9 Hands on exercises for computation of water requirement for agriculture and other allied sectors at IISWC, Dehradun Field visit during Training Programme

10 ICAR contributing as Member of National Executive Council of PMKSY Directors of IISWC and IIWM contributing as Member of PMKSY National Level Committee constituted by NITI Aayog. A number of Resource persons from ICAR nominated to participate and conduct sessions in the training workshops organized by States for preparation of District Irrigation Plan (DIP) and State irrigation Plan (SIP). State Level Trainings

11 ICAR providing technical back stopping to District Official in preparing DIPs in select States IISWC, Koraput Centre identified by Odisha Government for proving technical guidance in preparing DIP of 6 districts of the state. Out of six, DIP of 5 districts has been completed and last one is under progress. IIWM, Bhubaneswar providing technical guidance and hand holding support in 16 districts of Odisha for preparing DIPs. Preparation of DIPs

District Irrigation Plan (District/Blockwise DPR) Population, Power Livestock, Industry RainfallLanduse Present Irrigated Area and Scope of Improvement Water DemandWater Availability Inflow-Outflow Surface WaterGroundwater Domestic/Industrial Water Demand Crop Water Demand Flow Diagram for Development of DIP

Present & Projected Water Budget ( ) SlBlocks Existing Water Availability (BCM) Total (BCM) Water Demand (BCM) Water Gap (BCM) Surface Water Ground Water Present Projected (2020) Present Projected (2020) 1Bhapur Daspalla Gania Khandapada Nayagarh Nuagaon Odgaon Ranapur Total

Daspalla Block wise Irrigation plan Bhapur Block Groundwater quality Approach for irrigation plan BhapurModerate Development of Groundwater structures, WHS, Minor and lift irrigation structures DaspallaPoor to nilWatershed management approach, WHS

Nayagarh Nuagaon Block Ground water quality Approach for irrigation plan NayagarhModerateWHS, Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater NuagaonPoor to nilWatershed management approach, WHS

District Irrigation Plan S NoName of the Component Irrigation Potential (ha) Estimated cost (Crores) 1AIBP Har Khet ko Pani More crop per drop Watersheds Convergence Other State Plan Loan Total

Technological Options for Improving Crop and Water Productivity Way Forward…..

In-Situ RWH by Land Shaping and Crop Planning BBF system Paddy-fish system In-situ RWH, apart from water storage for 2 nd crop, reduces waterlogging by 70%

Ex-Situ RWH and Optimal Land/Water Allocation Harvesting of overland flow by check dam-cum-well system and efficient use through micro-irrigation

Land & Water Productivity: Field to System Scale Laser leveller improves water productivity and area under irrigation whereas benchmarking water productivity using remote sensing & GIS is key

Improving Irrigation System Performance Net Profit(INR/ha): CP1-6050; CP4-8120; CP Deficit Irrigation Deficit irrigation and use of micro-irrigation enhances water productivity and net profit

Sustainable Groundwater Management Artificial ground water recharge, deficit irrigation and crop diversification would help in arresting falling water table

Wastewater Use for Crop Production CropsYield with TSW (t/ha) Yield with FGW (t/ha) Increase in yield (%) Mustard Wheat Cauliflower Cabbage Use of treated sewage water with high organic load enhances land productivity

Way Forward…….  Road map for implementation of PMKSY  Prioritization of predominantly rainfed areas/States and States and/or regions such as Vidarbha, Marathwada, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Assam, etc with less than to 30 per cent irrigation coverage.  Institutional mechanism for facilitating effective institutional coordination and strong monitoring of such a convergence program. Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) a better option.  Geo tagging of assets created and mapping of irrigation area coverage.  Command area development and on-farm water mangement be given higher priority to close the huge gap between irrigation potential created and utilised in irrigation projects (about 30 M ha). This is a low hanging fruit to be harvested at earliest opportunity.

Way Forward…….  Rejuvenation of old tanks/ponds/water bodies and such minor irrigation projects should be accorded highest priority for investment in DIPs, and wherever possible tanks be integrated with canal system as an adjunct.  Solar irrigation pumps be promoted in PMKSY for providing a better solution to irrigation-energy concerns and contribute to reducing GHG emissions in meeting INDC target.  Conjunctive use and management of canal, groundwater and harvested rainwater in canal commands  In hard rock areas groundwater recharge should be emphasised in DIPs.  On-farm water management and demand side management including efficient crops/cropping systems, efficient water application should form core of DIPs.  Technological interventional i.e. conjunctive use of waters, precision land levelling, deficit irrigation, alternate cropping system, diversified land use and multiple use of water will help in improving water productivity (more crop per drop).

Technological Interventions for Increasing WUE Improving Irrigation Water Management: Improving conveyance and distribution system of irrigation network Canal Supply & Demand Management through automation Improved on-Farm Water Management including Structures Laser Land leveling, Zero-Tillage & Resource Conservation Technologies Location specific groundwater recharge Modern Irrigation Methods (Drip & Sprinklers) Conjunctive use of good and poor quality GW / wastewater Laser Land Levelling Raised Beds Mulching Zero Tillage Drip Irrigation for Horticultural Crops Laser land levelling to reduce GW draft by 19 cm Rice-Wheat areas in Punjab (Applicable to Yamuna Alluvial Plains) Contd.

Technological Interventions for Increasing WUE Crop Management: Transplanting of Paddy at appropriate time SRI/ Aerobic Rice Growing of salt tolerant crop cultivars Crop diversification (Kharif: Rice- basmati, Maize, Pulses ; Rabi: Wheat- Raya, Chickpea) Transplant of Paddy after 10 th – 15 th June in Punjab Salt tolerant varieties of Rice & Wheat from CSSRI, Karnal CSR 36KRL 99 Net recharge = Net draft; if Normal rainfall of 648 mm Aerobic Rice CultivationSRI Cultivation

WP Improvement: Waterwise RCTs ZT Wheat with residue Raised bed planting Direct Seeded ZT Rice. Zero Till Drill with equally spaced rows in wheat

Wheat Water Productivity at Different Scales for RCTs Pabnawa Distributary, Haryana, India Rabi  WP of BP is generally higher than ZT and CT at Plot level in different reaches  WP of BP > ZT > CT across Plot to Watercourse scales.

No. of laser units Increases irrigated area ~ 2% Improves crop stand and yields Additional field area added ~ 3% Farmer Investments: USD 50Million Area under laser leveling in IGP= 1.0 m ha Energy saving in RW valued at 60 million USD/year Water Saving ~ 10 km 3/ year Rural employment generation ( ~1million mandays/year from 3000Units in 5 yrs) * * * * * * * * * * * * Source: Sidhu & Jat (2009) Improve water use efficiency: Laser land leveling

Laser Leveler- productivity gains and water saving: Yamunanagar Crop (Variety) Grain yield (Kg/ ha)Water saving over without laser leveled field (%) Laser leveled field Without laser levelling Paddy Wheat Sugarcane S.Moong Potato Onion Sunflower

Multiple Use of Water Rice Fish Culture Refuge – 10% Fish-cum- horticulture Net Income from Trenches and beds- Rs /ha (fish-banana vegetables) Paddy yield enhanced by 7 to 13%. Overall income enhanced by 11-32% Return – Rs 30000/ ha Income generated from secondary reservoir (Crop+ Vegetables + Fruits + Fish + Duck) - Rs 1,32,000/ha/year Additional benefit from fish – 11t/ha

Pressurized irrigation adjunct to canal at WTCER, Bhubaneshbar 2510 m 3 service reservoir to regulate supply to 1.9 ha area under drip and 2.8 ha under sprinkler Fish culture and horticulture integrated with the system. Multiple uses of Canal based irrigation systems

Water lifting device on dug well in Damoh. Micro irrigation and crop diversification, Damoh. Convergence for Better Use of Water in Agriculture Last Mile Coverage of Irrigation Project Water being released from Kutni dam to feeder canal in chattarpur district. Farmers lifting water from feeder canal. Farmers irrigating wheat crop from the pannchampur Minor. A good stand of wheat crop.

Thank You.