Monday December 16 th 2013 QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Semester** OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

Tuesday December 17 th 2013 QU: How does cellular respiration allow life to continue? **CR Project Due Friday!!** OBJ: Finish Biome, Over Test, Start PRJ

Cellular Respiration

Plants and Animals… Plants - Autotrophs Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers. In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?

WHY? (cont.) Cellular respiration’s main function ◦Turn glucose into useable ATP ◦ 38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦ Also forms carbon dioxide and water

WHERE? Cellular Respiration occurs in the… ◦Cytoplasm  Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm) ◦Mitochondria  Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix  Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

WHERE? (cont.) Inner membrane Outer membrane Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae

What happens in Cellular Respiration?

Thursday December 19 th 2013 QU: How do you think cellular respiration is similar to our respiration? **Make sure to BRING YOUR BOOK!!!* OBJ: CR Notes and CR Prj “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

WHAT? Cellular Respiration: ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) energyenergy (ATP)macromolecules (glucose). ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) requiring process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose).  Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down  Makes CO 2 and H 2 O as well as energy (ATP)

AMP, ADP, ATP Adenosine Tri-Phospate: ◦Made of three things  1.) Ribose (sugar)  2.) Adenosine (base)  3.) Three phosphates ◦Key to the activity of ATP

AMP, ADP, ATP ATP works by losing the end most phosphate. As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate. ◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contract muscles, etc

ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy AMP ADP ATP

HOW: Steps of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle and Substrate Level Phosphorylation

WHAT? (cont.) Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts. ◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose) ◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose ◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use **In total makes 38 ATP**

Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria. Two phases: Two phases: A. Energy investment phase -Put energy in B. Energy yielding phase -Get energy out

Glycolysis: Step 1 Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration Glucose (6C) Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP) 2 ATP - used 0 ATP - produced 0 NADH - produced 2ATP 2ADP + 2P C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C

Glycolysis: Step 2 Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) Pyruvate (2 - 3C) 0 ATP - used 4 ATP - produced 2 NADH - produced 4ATP 4ADP +4P C-C-C GAP (PYR)

Glycolysis: The final picture Total Net Yield: 2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR) 2 - ATP (You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH

Thursday December 19 th 2013 QU: How is energy released from the ATP? *CR Project Due Friday at the end of the hour* OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

“The In-between” The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each. Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA C-C-C (PYR) C-C Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Location: Mitochondrial Matrix Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C). It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule. ◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy Mitochondrial Matrix

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 2 turns Total net yield (2 turns of Krebs Cycle) ATP 2.6 – NADH FADH CO 2

Friday December 20 th 2012 QU: OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project “In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.” StepLocationNet Gain of ATPs *CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour* **CR Quiz on Friday** ***Journals Due Friday***

Steps of Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Location: Location: inner mitochondrial membrane. ETC ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP. ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H + and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) cellular respiration All NADH and FADH 2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH 2 converts to 2 ATP. Water is also made

Electron Transport Chain

Total ATP Yield… Total ATP Yield ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield ETC Video: mode=1 mode=1

Fermentation Makes ATP without oxygen ◦Anaerobic Process  Only uses glycolysis

Fermentation Net gain of 2 ATP ◦By product is CO 2 and alcohol in plants ◦By product is lactic acid in humans  The burn you feel when you exercise

Friday December 20 th 2013 QU: OBJ: Cellular Respiration Notes and PRJ Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain) **CR Project Due at end of Hour** HAPPY BREAK! BE SAFE and MAKE GOOD DECISIONS!

Monday January 6 th 2014 QU: Are there more ATPs produced in Cellular Respiration or Fermentation? **Test 1/8 On Chapter 7** OBJ: Over Project, Practice Quiz

Tuesday January 7 th 2014 QU: **Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday** OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)

Binder Organization: Ch 7 Chapter 7 Hand Written Notes Cellular Respiration Project Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Cellular Respiration Chapter Review Chapter 7 Test Answer Sheet

WedNesday January 8 th 2013 QU: How did you study for this test? **Chapter Review to the HW Bin** OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test, Org Binder