Populism Ch5.3

Populism Ch.5.2/5.3 Guided Readings

Plow: from this

To this

Seed Drill

McCormick Reaper

Farmers Movement and Populism 5.3

Economics Nation Wide Greenbacks? Greenbacks? put into circulation and increased money supply Gold Standard? Farmers took out loans during this time Farmers took out loans during this time When government took back the greenbacks, people had to pay back loans in more expensive money When government took back the greenbacks, people had to pay back loans in more expensive money

Gold bugs/Silverites More silver than gold, more money in circulation More silver than gold, more money in circulation Presidential Election of 1892 Presidential Election of 1892 Silverites, led by Williams Jennings Bryan, wanted gold and silver Silverites, led by Williams Jennings Bryan, wanted gold and silver Democrats / Populists Democrats / Populists Gold bugs, led by William McKinley, wanted just gold to back the paper money Gold bugs, led by William McKinley, wanted just gold to back the paper money Republicans Republicans Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech

Election City dwellers were afraid of inflation- overwhelmingly voted for Mckinley City dwellers were afraid of inflation- overwhelmingly voted for Mckinley McKinley won the election 7 million to Bryan’s 6.5 million McKinley won the election 7 million to Bryan’s 6.5 million McKinley carried the East & urban Midwest McKinley carried the East & urban Midwest Bryan carried the South and farm West Bryan carried the South and farm West ۞ ۞

The Wizard of Oz & Populism: Yellow Brick Road---Gold Standard in the country Yellow Brick Road---Gold Standard in the country Scarecrow---Farmers (no brains by society's standards, but smarter than given credit for) Scarecrow---Farmers (no brains by society's standards, but smarter than given credit for) Cowardly Lion---William Jennings Bryan (not a coward, but a leader, as lions are usually dominant) Cowardly Lion---William Jennings Bryan (not a coward, but a leader, as lions are usually dominant) Tin Man---Industrialization (doesn’t have a heart, but doesn’t hate either) Tin Man---Industrialization (doesn’t have a heart, but doesn’t hate either) Dorothy’s Slippers---Silver exchange (YES they are red in the movie; this was done to make them stand out. In the original book the slippers were silver. Remember the slippers hold the power until the end, because silver was the exchange. Once back in Kansas they were gone, just as silver was overtaken by the Gold standard. Dorothy’s Slippers---Silver exchange (YES they are red in the movie; this was done to make them stand out. In the original book the slippers were silver. Remember the slippers hold the power until the end, because silver was the exchange. Once back in Kansas they were gone, just as silver was overtaken by the Gold standard. Dorothy---Level-headed, innocent humans Dorothy---Level-headed, innocent humans Wizard---Politicians (trying to be all things to all people) Wizard---Politicians (trying to be all things to all people) Winged Monkeys---Plains Indians (Remember the mid-western view of farming, and having to deal with the Indians; they were not bad people but could be swayed by good and evil. Winged Monkeys---Plains Indians (Remember the mid-western view of farming, and having to deal with the Indians; they were not bad people but could be swayed by good and evil.

The Wizard of Oz & Populism: Wicked Witch of the East---Bankers who have nothing for farmers Wicked Witch of the East---Bankers who have nothing for farmers Wicked Witch of the West---Nature (water kills and the farmers need water) Wicked Witch of the West---Nature (water kills and the farmers need water) Good Witch of the North---Northern businesses that could seemingly do everything well, and were educated Good Witch of the North---Northern businesses that could seemingly do everything well, and were educated Munchkins---Little people of society (middle class and below) Munchkins---Little people of society (middle class and below) Emerald City---Washington, D.C. Emerald City---Washington, D.C. Movie Assignment: Jot down. in note form, anything you see in the movie that relates to Populism Movie Assignment: Jot down. in note form, anything you see in the movie that relates to Populism

Ch.6: A New Industrial Age

Homework: Definitions P.233 #1 (5) P.233 #1 (5) P.240 #1 (5) P.240 #1 (5) P.249 (10) P.249 (10) Put all terms/people in historical context! Put all terms/people in historical context!

Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization I. 3 Factors that led to Industrialization: I. 1. wealth of natural resources II. 2. government support for business III. 3. growing urban population I. Cheap labor II. Market for goods

The Expansion of Industry Resources, Ideas, Markets Impact

New Uses for Steel A. Railroads: biggest customers B. Barbed Wire C. McCormick/ Deere Farm Equipment D. Innovative Construction A. Brooklyn Bridge B. First Skyscraper s

The Power of Electricity Thomas Alva Edison: Thomas Alva Edison: – Invented the incandescent light bulb – Made electricity safe & less expensive to all – Video Video Impact of Electricity: Impact of Electricity: – Factories could be located away from resources Allowed for rapid growth of industry Video

The Typewriter & the Telephone Christopher Sholes: invented the TYPEWRITER Christopher Sholes: invented the TYPEWRITER – 1910: women accounted for 40% of office staff in United States Alexander Graham Bell: video Alexander Graham Bell: videovideo The TELEPHONE The TELEPHONE – Paved the way for worldwide communications Video: America 1900: Video: America 1900: Start 15:00: 11:19 long Start 15:00: 11:19 long

Summary: Industrialization’s Impact Increased the role of women in the workforce Increased the role of women in the workforce Textiles Textiles Clerical duties Clerical duties Allowed for revolution in building construction Allowed for revolution in building construction Skyscrapers Skyscrapers Improved Workers Standard of Living Improved Workers Standard of Living 1890: average workweek reduced by 10 hours 1890: average workweek reduced by 10 hours Consumers regained some power Consumers regained some power New goods & inventions New goods & inventions

The Age of the Railroads Made westward expansions possible Made westward expansions possible Huge financial support from the government Huge financial support from the government Transcontinental RR: connected east/west Transcontinental RR: connected east/west Promontory, Utah 1869 Promontory, Utah 1869 Central Pacific R.R. & Union Pacific R.R companies Central Pacific R.R. & Union Pacific R.R companies Video Video Video Chinese railroad workers video Chinese railroad workers videovideo Music video Music video Music video Music video Irish immigrants & Civil War Vets Irish immigrants & Civil War Vets Railroad Time? Railroad Time? Led to our current time zones Led to our current time zones

I. Opportunities & Growth II. Fostered growth of cities I. Map p.239

Big Business & Labor How did government & big business interact during the late 1800’s?

Big Business & Government Policy During the 1870’s & 80’s big industrialists attempted to form monopolies. During the 1870’s & 80’s big industrialists attempted to form monopolies. (Carnegie & Rockefeller) (Carnegie & Rockefeller) What is a monopoly? What is a monopoly? A monopoly is when a producer has total control over an industry. A monopoly is when a producer has total control over an industry. Were the great industrialists Captains of Industry or Robber Barons ? Were the great industrialists Captains of Industry or Robber Barons ? Brainstorm examples of each Brainstorm examples of each Captains of Industry Captains of Industry they risked capital to make business grow they risked capital to make business grow Robber Barons Robber Barons unfair business practices unfair business practices Treatment of workers Treatment of workers Industrialists used the theory of Social Darwinism to justify their unfair business practices. Industrialists used the theory of Social Darwinism to justify their unfair business practices.

DefinitionCharacteristics ExamplesNon-examples Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism & Business Economists used this theory to justify “Laissez-faire “ Economics Economists used this theory to justify “Laissez-faire “ Economics Marketplace should not be regulated Marketplace should not be regulated Success & failure in business are governed by natural law Success & failure in business are governed by natural law

A New Definition for Success Social Darwinism: video Social Darwinism: video: video: video Based on theory of Evolution (Darwin) States that some individuals flourish, some do not “natural selection” weeded out individuals not able to survive According to Social Darwinism: According to Social Darwinism: Individual is responsible for success Individual is to blame for failure Appealed to many Protestants, saw riches as a sign of God’s favor Conclusion: The Poor must be lazy, deserved their suffering

Take Home Essay Take a stand: Social Darwinism is a valid/invalid theory Take a stand: Social Darwinism is a valid/invalid theory 3 paragraphs: Introduction/Body/Conclusion 3 paragraphs: Introduction/Body/Conclusion Include a thesis statement Include a thesis statement Minimum of 3 sentence paragraphs Minimum of 3 sentence paragraphs You should use 3 pieces of evidence/arguments to support your thesis statement You should use 3 pieces of evidence/arguments to support your thesis statement You may use modern examples in your evidence You may use modern examples in your evidence Explain all historical terms and people Explain all historical terms and people

Three Methods of Business Consolidation Rail Road companies develop pooling agreements Rail Road companies develop pooling agreements to fix rail road fares at high rates to fix rail road fares at high rates (scheme does not work because companies cheat on their agreements). (scheme does not work because companies cheat on their agreements). Trusts are developed by Rockefeller Trusts are developed by Rockefeller to bring control to former competitors. to bring control to former competitors. If competitor refuse to join the “Trust” Rockefeller would put them out of business. If competitor refuse to join the “Trust” Rockefeller would put them out of business. Holding Companies Holding Companies Fake companies hold the stocks of several firms in the same industry. Fake companies hold the stocks of several firms in the same industry. owned the majority of stocks within an industry & were able to dictate policy within the industry. owned the majority of stocks within an industry & were able to dictate policy within the industry. Business became less competitive and more consolidated, leaving business power & national economics in the hands of a few big businessmen Business became less competitive and more consolidated, leaving business power & national economics in the hands of a few big businessmen

Federal Regulation of Business Begins Congress alarmed about “unfair” Business/labor practices, Congress alarmed about “unfair” Business/labor practices, enacts laws to deal with situation. enacts laws to deal with situation. Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Interstate Commerce Act (1887) to regulate railroad companies. to regulate railroad companies. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) ICC acts to regulate railroads (eliminates pools/rebates & regulates rates) ICC acts to regulate railroads (eliminates pools/rebates & regulates rates) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) act attempted to outlaw trusts. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) act attempted to outlaw trusts. Limited impact (at first) Limited impact (at first) weakly worded/none of the trusts were successfully broken. weakly worded/none of the trusts were successfully broken. establishes the principle that the government can regulate industry & break up monopolies. establishes the principle that the government can regulate industry & break up monopolies.

Organization of Labor poor working conditions for workers poor working conditions for workers Unions emerge Unions emerge small/ineffective in dealing with worker issues (wages/hours) small/ineffective in dealing with worker issues (wages/hours) workers fear joining unions (fear of being fired) workers fear joining unions (fear of being fired) immigrants are eager to fill in for striking workers. immigrants are eager to fill in for striking workers. How have unions changed since early days? How have unions changed since early days? Unions have gained more political power ($), and have secured better working conditions for members Unions have gained more political power ($), and have secured better working conditions for members

Skits Groups come up with short skits exemplifying types of business consolidation and regulations: Groups come up with short skits exemplifying types of business consolidation and regulations: 1. Why labor unions formed (p.244) 2. Socialists/IWW (p.246) 3. Haymarket Riot (p.247) 4. American Federation of Labor (p.245) 5. Knights of Labor (p.245) 6. Women Organize (p.248)

Formation of Labor Unions Knights of Labor (labor union) first union to become a major economic force Knights of Labor (labor union) first union to become a major economic force Knights avoid strikes through arbitration Knights avoid strikes through arbitration cooperatives are formed cooperatives are formed (workers operate their own companies) (workers operate their own companies) 8 hour work 8 hour work win major strike against rail road companies (membership increases) win major strike against rail road companies (membership increases) Haymarket riot Haymarket riot occurred when violence (bomb thrown into the crowd) took place during a pro union rally occurred when violence (bomb thrown into the crowd) took place during a pro union rally Public mistrust of unions grew Public mistrust of unions grew membership in unions decreased membership in unions decreased A set back for the labor movement ☻ A set back for the labor movement ☻ ☻

American Federation of Labor limited to skilled workers limited to skilled workers discriminated against African American workers. discriminated against African American workers. hired as strike breakers by employers hired as strike breakers by employers Racial tensions Racial tensions Women discriminated against Women discriminated against Women work under poor conditions (sweatshops) Women work under poor conditions (sweatshops) Women begin to form their own unions (Women’s Trade Union League) Women begin to form their own unions (Women’s Trade Union League)

Radicals in the Labor Movement Anarchists Anarchists believe that capitalist system could not be reformed believe that capitalist system could not be reformed called for violent overthrow of government called for violent overthrow of government Socialists oppose capitalist system Socialists oppose capitalist system seek peaceful means of changing system seek peaceful means of changing system call for government ownership of companies & industry. call for government ownership of companies & industry. fear of union membership grows fear of union membership grows

Violent Clashes Between Business & Labor Pay decrease causes Great Railway Strike. Pay decrease causes Great Railway Strike. Warfare breaks out between workers and PA state militia. Warfare breaks out between workers and PA state militia. President Hayes sends federal troops in to break the strike. President Hayes sends federal troops in to break the strike. Homestead Strike Homestead Strike Carnegie steel company. Carnegie steel company. Pinkerton detective agency Pinkerton detective agency Many on both sides are killed Many on both sides are killed strike crushes steel workers union. strike crushes steel workers union. Pullman Strike /reduction of wages. Pullman Strike /reduction of wages. President Cleveland uses troops President Cleveland uses troops ۞ ۞ ۞ ۞ ۞ The 1800's is marked by government use of troops to side with business over unions. The 1800's is marked by government use of troops to side with business over unions. Government was over influenced by the power and money of the big industrialists, Government was over influenced by the power and money of the big industrialists, union members lacked political power…. union members lacked political power…. how has this changed? (Show Homestead video) how has this changed? (Show Homestead video)

Conclusion: How did government & big business interact during the late 1800’s? How did government & big business interact during the late 1800’s? Government did little to regulate business (regulatory laws lacked substance) Government did little to regulate business (regulatory laws lacked substance) Government was influenced by power & money of the big industrialists Government was influenced by power & money of the big industrialists Government sided with big business over the workers during strikes (used military to break strikes) Government sided with big business over the workers during strikes (used military to break strikes)

The End!