1. A New Industrial Age EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY

2. Industrialization Factors that lead to U.S. Industry: –Nat. Resources –Gov. support for business –Growing urbanization

3. Black Gold Edwin L. Drake –Used a steam engine to drill for oil Oil boom spread from the East Coast to the Mid-West.

4. Steel Iron ore deposits found in Minn. and East Coast Bessemer Process: Injecting air into liquid iron. Used for 90 percent of the nation’s steel.

5. New Uses for Steel The Brooklyn Bridge Skyscrapers –Steel frames supported the weight

6. Electricity Thomas Alva Edison –1876, first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ –Incandescent light bulb –Distribution / producing of electricity Allowed manufactures to locate plants wherever Electric streetcars made traveling cheap. Ran many machines from fans to printing presses

7. Inventions Change Lifestyle Christopher Sholes: typewriter (1867) Alexander Graham Bell: telephone (1876) Women in the workplace: 5% in 1870 / 40% in 1910

8. Big Business and Labor Andrew Carnegie Used new management strategies. Attracted talented people to work for him. Controlled most of the steel industry. “Gospel of Wealth”

9. Social Darwinism In economic terms, no one has the right to intervene; it is “survival of the fittest” Laissez Faire-means allow to do No government intervention Supported individual responsibility and blame, it also appealed to the Protestant work ethic. “Riches were a sign of Gods favor and the poor must be lazy and inferior.”

10. Fewer Control More John D Rockefeller Used trusts to gain control of the oil industry. (monopolies) Then they could fix and set prices to their advantage Critics called them “robber barons”

11. Sherman Anti-Trust Act Government was concerned that these expanding corporations would stifle free competition. 1890-Congress passed act which made it illegal to form a trust if it interfered with free trade between states or other countries. Very hard to enforce

12. Labor Unions Emerge Exploitation and unsafe working conditions drew workers together and formed unions. Long hours-6-7 day workweek. 12 hours or more a day No vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or workers comp.

13. Wages So low everyone in family had to pitch in. 1890-1910, the number of women working doubled from 4 million to 8 million 20 percent of boys and 10 percent of girls under the age of 15 worked full time.

14. Wages 27 cents for a child’s 14 hour day. 1899-annual income for women was $267 and for men it was $498. In 1900, Andrew Carnegie made 23 million dollars.

15. Labor unions Objectives were to increase wages, limit the work day to only 8 hours, equal pay for equal work. Strikes were a last resort.

16. Mother Jones Mary Harris Jones 1903-led 80 children who had been hurt in the mills to Teddy Roosevelt's home Influenced the passage of child labor laws

17. Think About it! What is minimum wage today? How many hours can a teenager work? What happens if you get hurt on the job? What happens if you are sick and can’t make it to work?