Genomics and the Growing World Steve Rounsley Dow Agrosciences

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| 3 Global Mega Trends Demand Ag Innovation. Global Population Growth Rise of India & China Increasing Global Wealth Increasing Protein Demand Arable Land Diminishing Water Scarcity Climate Change Demand Factors Global Constraints Unprecedented Productivity Need Collision of Food & Feed & Fuel Increased Use of Biotech Crops Supply Response Factors

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5 Plant Genomes

| 6 In the beginning…..(circa 2000)

| 7 Genomic Research – Human compared to Plants

| 8 Plant Genomics Challenges Whole Genome Duplications Lee et al. (2012) Nucleic Acids Research doi:1093/nar/gks1104 PolyploidyHigh intra-specific diversityLarge genomes 30Gb 148Gb16Gb3.5Gb Transposon-rich genomes

9 Genomics at Dow Agrosciences

| 10 Sequencing Technology Driving Paradigm Shifts Printing costs for data from a single 27-hr run (paper + ink) = cost of 5 sequencers (Illumina NextSeq500)

| 11 Data Generation and Analysis CropsBacteriaFungiWeedsInsects Baseline genomic information Multi-sample experimentsSample specific data (“assays”) Meta analyses

| 12 Worldwide scope North America 33 Pacific 4 Latin America 10 Europe 14

| 13 What kind of genomic information do we use most? Functional Genomics: Understanding processes within the organism(s). Identify functional elements within genome that are involved in a given process or response. Transcriptomics, epigenomics, etc. Images by: Clemens82 (Own work) CC-BY-SA-3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; & NHGRI Structural Genomics: Understanding genetic & genomic architecture of a species Characterizing variation within populations Tracking inheritence of genome segments Re-sequencing, variant detection, structural variation

| 14 Where has Genomics Made the Biggest Impact? Reference Genomes: Baseline information resource has become a must-have tool for every organism. Browseable, searchable and with links to other databases. (e.g. gbrowse, ensembl) Variant Discovery & Detection: Easy discovery of variation with NGS ensured rapid adoption. Significant scale & precision improvements over hybridization. Accelerating Discovery & Curiosity Low cost experiments remove barriers to asking questions. Discovery is accelerated.

| 15 Area of biggest future impact - Breeding At its core, plant breeding is: Introduce Variation Select best individuals By Phenotype (e.g. Yield trials) Phenotype prediction from genotypic informaiton Uncharacterized variation Genomic variation fully characterized “The future of crop improvement will be centered on comparisons of new genetic mapping strategies and evolutionary analyses to direct and optimize the discovery and use of genetic variation” Morrell et al., (2012) Nature Reviews Genetics 13:85-96.

| 16 Challenges Infrastructure -Storage and Compute – must haves for modern biology -Data management strategies. Finding and connecting data. People -More ‘Digital Biologists’ need to be trained -More ‘Bio-Savvy Computer Scientists’ need to be trained Human-centric technology development -95% of all genome technology is driven by medicine apps. -Acceptable cost for a human genome is too high for Ag.

| 17 Genomic Tech & Info are a critical component in meeting the challenges of the growing world. By 2050, world food production must support an estimated 9 billion people. The growing world needs ongoing innovations in crop production technology. We are committed to developing sustainable agricultural solutions that make farming more profitable and productive.