Prenatal Development & Birth Chapter 19 - Pacheco

3-8 Weeks – Embryo Formation of: Amniotic Sac Umbilical cord

0-2wks: Spinal cord, Brain, Ears, Arms 3-8wks: Mouth, nostrils, eyelids, hands, feet, toes, cardiovascular system is developed 9-14wks: sex organs, eyelids, fingernails, sucking of thumb First Trimester 0-14 weeks

Second Trimester weeks 15-20wks: blinking, body grows, limbs reach full proportion 21-28wks: 12 inches long, hearing bones are developed, sensitivity to light and dark

Third Trimester weeks All 5 senses Begins to pass water from the bladder

Prenatal Care - Medrano

Importance of Prenatal Care Who: Obstetrician or Midwife Where: Birthing center or Hospital Physicals: -Blood Tests -Pelvic Exam -Weight monitoring -Blood pressure

Proper Nutrition During Pregnancy Necessary Nutrients – Calcium – Protein – Iron – Vitamin A – Folic acid High Caffeine = increased risk of birth defects

Health of the Fetus Smoking Causes Low Birth Weight Growth Impairment Mental Development Issues Behavior Issues

Health of the Fetus FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

Health of the Fetus FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

Health of the Fetus Threatens the mother and fetus Addiction-Withdrawal

Health of the Fetus Environmental Hazards Lead Smog Radiation Cat Litter

Complications Miscarriage – expulsion of a fetus prior to 20wks Stillbirth – a dead fetus expelled from the body after 20 wks.

Complications Preeclampsia or Toxemia

Complications Ectopic Pregnancy – Zygote can’t pass the uterus – Leading cause of death of female in First Trimester

Heredity and Genetics -Medrano

Heredity Passing of traits from parents to children Chromosomes – carry codes for inherited traits Genes – basic units of heredity DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Genetics and Fetal Development Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Dominant and Recessive Genes Zygote 46 chromosomes

Genetics and Fetal Development Genes and Gender

Genetic Disorders Caused partly or completely by a defect in genes Genetic Testing Amniocentesis Chronic Villi Sampling (CVS) weeks 8 weeks

Genetic Disorders: Sickle-Cell Results in Restricted blood flow Severe joint pain Weakness Kidney Disease

Genetic Disorders: Tay-Sachs Disease Destroys nervous system Blindness Paralysis Death in early childhood

Genetic Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis Mucus clogs organs Nutritional problems Respiratory infections & congestion

Genetic Disorders: Down Syndrome Chromosome 21 Trisomy

Genetic Disorders: Hemophilia X – linked recessive trait Hemophilia A (Factor VIII) Hemophilia B (Factor IX)

Genetic Research: Genetic Therapy

Genetic Research: Genetically Engineered Drugs

Infancy and Childhood -Pacheco

Erik Erikson Theory of development 8 developmental stages Childhood Development

Infancy (0-1yr) – Fastest growth period – Time of learning – Develop TRUST Childhood Development

Early Childhood (1-3yrs) – Skill development – Speech development – AUTONOMY confidence in your own control of abilities Childhood Development

Middle Childhood (4-6 yrs) – More engaged in interactions – Asking many questions – Learns to control impulses – INITIATIVE, RESPONSIBILITY Childhood Development

Late Childhood (7-12 yrs) – Literacy – Roles of society – Conscience – INTEREST IN PERFORMING ACTIVITIES Childhood Development

Vision Hearing Scoliosis Health Screenings in Childhood