The Counter Reformation aka The Catholic Church Strikes Back After the Reformation and the beginning of the Protestant churches, the Roman Catholic Church would try to do “damage control” and get rid of the Protestants.

The Counter Reformation starts: After the Reformation, a series of bloody wars broke out in Europe over the Christian faith which lasted for almost 100 yrs. After the Reformation, a series of bloody wars broke out in Europe over the Christian faith which lasted for almost 100 yrs. When the last on ended in 1648, there were still two groups of Christians: Catholics and Protestants. When the last on ended in 1648, there were still two groups of Christians: Catholics and Protestants.

Pope Paul III *Did 4 important things, 20 years after the 95 Thesis Ordered an investigation into sale of indulgences. Ordered an investigation into sale of indulgences. Approved the Jesuit Order’s creation Approved the Jesuit Order’s creation Set up the Inquisition to look for heresy Set up the Inquisition to look for heresy Called all Church leaders to Trent, Italy Called all Church leaders to Trent, Italy

The Catholic Church changes (too late!) Pope Paul III called for a council meeting known as the Council of Trent which lasted almost 20 years. Pope Paul III called for a council meeting known as the Council of Trent which lasted almost 20 years. Set up new rules: Set up new rules: Catholic interpretation of the Bible was FINAL Catholic interpretation of the Bible was FINAL Christians need faith AND good works. Christians need faith AND good works. Bible and Church had equal power. Bible and Church had equal power. Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. False selling of indulgences was banned. Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. False selling of indulgences was banned.

Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV carried out the recommendations of the Council of Trent. Pope Paul IV carried out the recommendations of the Council of Trent. Made a listing of books declared dangerous to the Catholic faith called the Index of Forbidden Books. Made a listing of books declared dangerous to the Catholic faith called the Index of Forbidden Books. Included ALL Protestant bibles. Included ALL Protestant bibles. In Venice alone they burned 10,000 books in one day!! In Venice alone they burned 10,000 books in one day!!

The Jesuit Order Council clarified the Catholic beliefs by setting up schools run by an order of monks who valued education and were loyal to the church. Council clarified the Catholic beliefs by setting up schools run by an order of monks who valued education and were loyal to the church. The Jesuit Order, which were the Pope’s agents to fight against heresy (a belief that contradicts what the Church says is true.) were sent throughout Europe to fight the ideas of Protestant denominations. The Jesuit Order, which were the Pope’s agents to fight against heresy (a belief that contradicts what the Church says is true.) were sent throughout Europe to fight the ideas of Protestant denominations.

Religious Wars in France After John Calvin stated his ideas, many French people liked his ideas. These people were known as Huguenots. (7% of the French population) After John Calvin stated his ideas, many French people liked his ideas. These people were known as Huguenots. (7% of the French population) War broke out for thirty years and only ended when Henry Navarre IV, a Protestant, captured Paris he was to be crowned king. War broke out for thirty years and only ended when Henry Navarre IV, a Protestant, captured Paris he was to be crowned king. Henry made a famous deal: He chose to become Catholic again to become king! He said that “Paris was worth a Mass ”

Reformation in England Henry vs. The Pope: Henry VIII was the king of England and a Catholic until he wanted a divorce. Pope said NO. Henry starts his own church, called the Anglican Church. Pope excommunicates him. Henry rules England as king and head of the Anglican Church, marries many brides trying to have a son. No son, just a daughter…. Henry vs. The Pope: Henry VIII was the king of England and a Catholic until he wanted a divorce. Pope said NO. Henry starts his own church, called the Anglican Church. Pope excommunicates him. Henry rules England as king and head of the Anglican Church, marries many brides trying to have a son. No son, just a daughter…. Henry’s daughter, Mary, brings back the Catholic Church as queen, burned 300 people at the stake for being Protestant. So despised as Queen she get the name “Bloody Mary” Henry’s daughter, Mary, brings back the Catholic Church as queen, burned 300 people at the stake for being Protestant. So despised as Queen she get the name “Bloody Mary”

Spanish Reformation (Inquisition) Reformation not as strong in Spain, already under harsh Catholic control. (Inquisition started in Spain in 1491). Jews, Muslims, and some Catholics lived in harmony for a time called the Golden Age Reformation not as strong in Spain, already under harsh Catholic control. (Inquisition started in Spain in 1491). Jews, Muslims, and some Catholics lived in harmony for a time called the Golden Age Golden age of harmony UNTIL Catholics took over. Golden age of harmony UNTIL Catholics took over. The Spanish Inquisition was set up to maintain Catholic control of Spain. Many people were killed or tortured during this time. The Spanish Inquisition was set up to maintain Catholic control of Spain. Many people were killed or tortured during this time. The Inquisition punished around 341,021 people over, of whom at least ten percent (31,912) were executed over its almost 350 year history. The Inquisition punished around 341,021 people over, of whom at least ten percent (31,912) were executed over its almost 350 year history.

Impacts of the Spanish Inquisition Came to be famous for its brutality and torture. Came to be famous for its brutality and torture. Approved of by the Church at the time, trying to gain control again after the Reformation. Shows the level of desperation of the church. Approved of by the Church at the time, trying to gain control again after the Reformation. Shows the level of desperation of the church. Looked REALLY bad for the Church, made things MUCH worse. Christians acting horribly in the name of God. Looked REALLY bad for the Church, made things MUCH worse. Christians acting horribly in the name of God. Spain seen as openly hostile to all non-Catholic persons (Jew, Muslims, and Protestant Christians!) Spain seen as openly hostile to all non-Catholic persons (Jew, Muslims, and Protestant Christians!)

Impacts of the Counter Reformation Church tries to hit back, too late. Church tries to hit back, too late. Church unifies and reforms, but now the people are more angry than before. FAIL. Church unifies and reforms, but now the people are more angry than before. FAIL. Church cracks down on Protestants all across Europe, but can’t stop them. Church cracks down on Protestants all across Europe, but can’t stop them. Church has less power, nations start to act for themselves and expand and explore. Age of Church power mostly gone. Church has less power, nations start to act for themselves and expand and explore. Age of Church power mostly gone. Sets up the groundwork for the Enlightenment, new thinking later on. Sets up the groundwork for the Enlightenment, new thinking later on.