Late 19 th Century Realism ’s Impressionism ’s Post-Impressionism 1880’s-1890’s Symbolism 1890’s Art Nouveau 1890’s-1914 Europe shaken by revolutions in Sicily, Venice, Germany, Austria and Lombardy- challenging the old order. Louise-Philipe deposed and led to the Franco-Prussian War. Realism was based on the concept of postivism- all knowledge must come from scientifically based information- “SHOW ME AN ANGEL… and I will paint one.”– Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud Japanesme- influenced Impressionism and everyone else Plein-Art dominates the Impressionists Post Impressionists react against the “flighty light” of the Impressionists Symbolists are about personal vision SKYSCRAPERs- b/c of technology, elevators, expense of land Art Nouveau combines painting, sculpture, architecture in organic forms LATE 19the Century – Realism and More

1848- Revolutions in Sicily, Venice, Germany, Austria, Lombardy Louise-Philippe was replaced by Napoleon III who lead France into the Franco-Prussian War Germany became the dominant country Comte and positivism- knowledge is science Darwin Freud Marx All about rational thinking--- New inventions- telephone, movies, bicycle, cars change the world thinking Traditional artistic beliefs ( Academy) are challenged by the “ Avant Garde” MODERNISM- artists choose scenes, landscapes and still lives Archeology comes to life in Greece, Turkey, Egypt Salon des Refuse- against the Academy- held by Courbet Impressionist Salons of 1870’s and 1880’s and BIRTH OF THE ART GALLERY Paul Cezanne- artist as rebel, Gauguin, VanGogh

Innovations : Japanese prints- angles, lines, patterns, tilts, perspective, imagery Plein-air Cezanne- the struggling artist Gauguin escaped to Tahiti Works in a theme ( Manet, Monet) Photographers studied in a series- Eedweard Muybridge- projected with a zoopraxiscope Lithography became journalism’s outlet for art Delacroix, Goya, Daumier, and Henri Toulouse LaTrec- first poster maker

IMPRESSIONISM Impressionists a true modern movement who lived the Avante-Garde life. Influenced by Japanese prints: figures from the back, or solid color without shading, and used off centered compositions, and strong diagonals Plein Air- in nature with a variety of hues- the beginnings of color theory landscape scenes of urban life still life-s Whistler- signed in Japanese anagrams and used flat color--- Japanese influence everywhere ANTI- Academic, ANTI- Bourgeoise Series of work – that hangs together dappled light

Post-Impressionism Cezanne wanted to make “Impressionism less impressionable and more Solid and durable like the art of museums”. Post Impressionists move toward abstraction with solidity. Cezanne Seurat Lautrec Van Gogh Gauguin

Symbolism Symbolists react to the world of Realism. They painted the unseen world, provided by Freud; painted inner dreams and landscapes. It is personal and mystical.

Art Nouveau Developed in Brussels, Barcelona, Paris, and Vienna Lasted until Outbreak of WWI Eliminate the separation of artistic media and combine them as one Vegetative, floral patterns, complexity of design, undulating surfaces No straight lines- wrought iron for embellishments

Architecture Skeletal architecture emerged; building held up buy the interior skeleton. The Exterior walls were glass or steel. Vertical emphasis. Land values went up so did the buildings. Architecture was still considered works of art an were covered in stucco or terra Cotta. Chicago School of Architecture developed after the Great Chicago Fire in Fire showed how iron was not so strong and bent, wood destroyed. What survived Was the ceramic-wrapped iron or steel. Wide open windows spaces for light and air allowed the first floor to hold displays and Use for ventilation. Elisha Otis- the elevator

19 th century Sculpture RODIN is the 19 th century Sculptor. He is represented b/c you can see his handprints On his work because of the casting technique. Modeled in clay and then cast in bronze or cut in marble by his workshop Handprint= brushstroke