Promotion of the Protocol on Forced Labour Luisa Guimarães Manager, Social Protection, Governance and Tripartism Programme Turin, Italy 5 May

2 Extending social protection to all

Structure of the presentation – Part I What is Social Protection (SP)? Part I:Part III :Part II: What is the global situation? Intensifying the fight against unacceptable forms of work, by extending SP

Birth first child Birth last child Death first parent Death second parent RETIREMENT Death Birth Marriage EDUCATION, TRAINING, WORK Life events and contingencies CONTINGENCIES/RISKS VULNERABILITIES SOCIAL PROTECTION 4

Social protection measures Those providing benefits, whether in cash or in kind, to secure protection, inter alia, from: lack of work-related income (or insufficient income) caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; lack of access or unaffordable access to health care; insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependants; general poverty and social exclusion. Social protection schemes can be of a contributory (social insurance) or non-contributory nature. 5

Social Protection: types of schemes Social security 6 Contributory schemes Contributory schemes Non contributory schemes Non contributory schemes Social Protection Systems Social Insurance National Provident Funds Social Insurance National Provident Funds Universal Categorial Means-tested Universal Categorial Means-tested

Why do we need social protection? ● Social protection is a right (a)Social security is a human right, enshrined in all major UN human rights instruments (b)Assisting member States in realising the extension of social security measures to provide a basic income to all in need of such protection and comprehensive medical care is at the heart of the ILO’s mandate, as laid down in the Constitution, 1919, and in the Declaration of Philadelphia, 1944 ● Social protection is a social necessity (a)Social security transfers are a powerful tool to reduce poverty and inequality. It reduced poverty by at least 50% in almost all OECD countries (b)All socially and economically stable societies have extensive social security systems ● Social protection is an economic necessity (a)Economic growth does not automatically reduce poverty (b)Access to social health protection and education improves productivity levels an has a positive impact on growth (c)The famous trade-off between efficiency and equity is a myth. Cash transfers in developing countries have multiplier effects on local markets

Structure of the presentation – Part II What is social protection (SP)? What is the global situation? Part I:Part III :Part II: Intensifying the fight against unacceptable forms of work, by extending SP

The origins -In spite of this, the majority of the world population does not have access to comprehensive social protection -A the global level, important gaps are observed:  Gaps in personal coverage and in terms of social security branches/contingencies covered by existing schemes insufficient to ensure universal and comprehensive protection  The level of benefits in often inadequate to allow a life in dignity for all, as shown by persistent levels of poverty, social exclusion and avoidable disease burdens 9

Where do we stand? Social Protection coverage: Statutory coverage Towards comprehensive social security systems: Number of areas covered in social protection programmes anchored in national legislation,

Where do we stand? Child/Family programmes 11

Where do we stand? Social Protection for working age: unemployment protection 12

Where do we stand? Social Protection for the working age: Maternity Protection 13

Where do we stand? Social Protection for older women and men 14

Where do we stand? Social Health protection: towards universal coverage in health 15

The coverage challenge % of the world population do not have access to comprehensive coverage 39% of the world‘s population without right to coverage in health care 48% of people over pensionable age do not receive a pension Child and family programmes rooted in legislation exist in 108 countries, yet often cover only small groups Child and family benefits Social health protection Social pension programmes National social security strategies, based on social dialogue Social Protection coverage gap

ILO’s two-dimensional strategy for the extension of social security: Building comprehensive social security systems 17 individual/household income Social Protection Floor: Access to essential health care and basic income security for all Social security benefits of guaranteed levels Voluntary insurance under government regulation level of protection high low Horizontal dimension: Guaranteeing access to essential health care and minimum income security for all, guided by Recommendation No. 202 Vertical dimension: progressively ensuring higher levels of protection, guided by Convention No.102 and more advanced standards floor level Outcomes can be guaranteed through different means – there is no one-size-fits-all

National social protection floors: Pluralism of approaches social assistance social insurance universal schemes others 18 national choice nationally guaranteed outcomes Benefits may include child and family benefits, sickness and health-care benefits, maternity benefits, disability benefits, old-age benefits, survivors’ benefits, unemployment benefits and employment guarantees, and employment injury benefits as well as any other social benefits in cash or in kind. (para. 9(2)) Most effective and efficient combination of benefits and schemes in national context (para. 9(1))

National social protection floors: At least four nationally-defined guarantees access to a set of goods and services constituting essential health care including maternity care basic income security for children basic income security for persons in active age unable to earn sufficient income basic income security for persons in old age The social protection floors should comprise at least the following basic social security guarantees: (para. 5) national definition of minimum levels Guarantees should be provided to at least all residents and children, as defined in national laws and regulations, subject to Members’ existing international obligations. (para. 6) 19

Principles Universality of protection, based on solidarity Social inclusion including persons in the informal economy Universal coverage Adequacy and predictability of benefits Non-discrimination, gender equality and responsiveness to special needs Entitlements to benefits prescibed by national law Efficiency and accessibility of complaint and appeal procedures Respect for the rights and dignity of people covered Respect for collective bargaining and freedom of association Rights Progessive realization, including by setting targets and timeframes Coherence with social, economic and employment policies Regular monitoring of implementation and periodic evaluation Tripartite participation and consultation with representatives of persons concerned Implement- ation Consideration of diversity of methods and approaches Solidarity in financing and fair balance of interests Transparent, accountable and sound financial management and administration Financial, fiscal and economic sustainability with regard to social justice and equity High-quality public services that enhance delivery of social security systems Coherence across institutions responsible for the delivery of social protection Financing and delivery Overall and primary responsibility of the State

Structure of the presentation – Part III What is social protection (SP)? What is the global situation? Part I:Part III :Part II: Intensifying the fight against unacceptable forms of work, by extending SP

Social Protection reduces poverty 22

Social Protection reduces inequalities 23

Poverty and unacceptable forms of work 24

SP instruments - CCT 25

Other social protection instruments Public employment programmes Social Health Protection Social Protection for people with disabilities Income security in old age Unemployment protection 26

Positive impacts of the extension of social protection on inclusive growth (short-term)

Positive impacts of the extension of social protection on inclusive growth (longer-term)

Reference documents ILO two-dimensional strategy and adoption of Social Protection Floors Recommendation ● ILO Recommendation concerning national floors of social protection (Social Protection Floors Recommendation), 2012 (No. 202), reports/provisional-records/WCMS_183326/lang--en/index.htm reports/provisional-records/WCMS_183326/lang--en/index.htm ● Social protection floors for social justice and a fair globalization, Report IV(2A and 2B), 101th Session of the International Labour Conference 2012, agenda/social-protection-floor/lang--en/index.htmwww.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/101stSession/on-the- agenda/social-protection-floor/lang--en/index.htm ● Social protection floors for social justice and a fair globalization, Report IV(1), 101th Session of the International Labour Conference 2012, s/meetingdocument/wcms_ pdf s/meetingdocument/wcms_ pdf ● Report of the Committee for the Recurrent Discussion on Social Protection (including Resolution and Conclusions), 100th Session of the International Labour Conference, Provisional Records No. 24), records/WCMS_157820/lang--en/index.htm records/WCMS_157820/lang--en/index.htm ● Social security for social justice and a fair globalization, 100th Session of the International Labour Conference, Report VI, submitted/WCMS_152819/lang--en/index.htm submitted/WCMS_152819/lang--en/index.htm 29 More general ● ILO, 2014: World Social Protection Report 2014/15: Building economic recovery, inclusive development and social justice (Geneva: International Labour Office), ● protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.do?tid=3985 ● ILO, 2010: Extending social security to all. A guide through challenges and options (Geneva: International Labour Office), ?ressourceId= ?ressourceId=16152 ● Social Protection Floor Advisory Group, 2011: Social protection floor for a fair and inclusive globalization (Geneva: International Labour Office), dgreports/---dcomm/--- publ/documents/publication/wcms_ pdfwww.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--- dgreports/---dcomm/--- publ/documents/publication/wcms_ pdf ● UNDP, Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, and ILO, 2011: Sharing Innovative Experiences: Successful Social Protection Floor Experiences (New York and Geneva: UNDP, Special Unit for South-South Cooperation and ILO), ?ressourceId= ?ressourceId=20840 ● See also GESS web portal: ● ILO, 2013: World Report on Child Labour ent&id=19565

Thank you and Questions 30