1. Social Security Principles and Practices
Arjun Kumar Gautam
Employees Provident Fund

2. What is your Expectations on the issues to be discussed?

3. Out line of the Discussion
Part 1
Conceptual Framework of Social Security
Introduction, objectives, Principles, Financing, Benefits, Social Security Floor.
Part 2
Social Security Management and Marketing
Social Security in Global Prospective:
Adequacy, Coverage, Financing, Governance, ICT, Investment,
Social Security in Nepalese Prospective:
Integration, Coverage, Financing, Governance.
Social Security in EPFs Prospective:
Our destination, Scope, Issues and Challenges

4. Conceptual Framework of Social Security
Part 1
Conceptual Framework of Social Security

5. Some Relevant Terminologies
Social Protection,
Social Assistance,
Social Insurance,
Safety Net,
Social Justice.

6. What Social Security is?
Social risk,
Uncertain future events,
Social and financial exclusiveness,
Risk management and transfer
Quality of life,
Basic social and financial requirement,
Formal and informal schemes,
Social justice, Social peace, Social harmonization, National happiness,

7. Why Social Security? Demographic Factors: Family and social factors:
Migration, Life expectancy, birth rate, labor market
Family and social factors:
Nuclear family, Urbanization
Constitutional factors:
Human rights, social justice, state obligation
Political factors:
Public awareness and trade union movement
Global factors:
International agencies: ILO, ISSA, World Bank, UNICEF, ADB

8. Global Principles of Social Security
Integration: Managed by one or few separate entity,
Coverage: Mandatory coverage to all people (Particular to poor peoples)
Adequacy: For the pre-qualifying conditions,
Financing: Contributory including the government contribution,
Governance: Tripartite.

9. Financing Modality of Social Security
Tax Financing (Minimum requirement)
Contributory (Quality of Life)
Employers Liability (as per the terms of employment)
Private schemes (Risk Management)
Social schemes (Informal social security)

10. Prequalifying conditions of Social Security
Old age: Old age Pension
Death: Dependent Pension
Disability: Invalidity Pension
Sickness and work Injury: Medicare
Unemployment: Unemployment Pension
Maternity: Maternity benefits

11. Social Security Benefits
Defined Contribution
Defined Benefits

12. Social Protection Floor
"Social protection floors are nationally defined sets of basic social security guarantees that should ensure, as a minimum that, over the life cycle, all in need have access to essential health care and to basic income security which together secure effective access to goods and services defined as necessary at the national level."
(ILO, 2011)

13. Access to essential health care, including maternity care;
National social protection floors should comprise at least the following four social security guarantees, as defined at the national level:
Access to essential health care, including maternity care;
Basic income security for children, providing access to nutrition, education, care and any other necessary goods and services;
Basic income security for persons in active age who are unable to earn sufficient income, in particular in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity and disability;
Basic income security for older persons.

14. minimum level (horizontal dimension) and
This two-dimensional approach of social protection floor:
minimum level (horizontal dimension) and
progressive achievement of higher levels of protection (vertical dimension)

15. TOP 10 GLOBLE CHALLANGES OF SS
Coverage gap (migrants and informal)
Adequacy and Sustainibility,
Inequality across the life course,
Peopulation ageing,
Change in the labor market,
Digital economy,
Health and long care,
Protection of migrant workers,
High public expection.

16. Social Security Management and Marketing
Part 2
Social Security Management and Marketing

17. Social Security in Global Prospective
“Adequate Social Security for All has became the global agenda of social security reform”
Adequate : For pre qualifying condition, replacement rate.
Coverage: Two third of world population has no adequate social security
Financing: Contributory rather than tax financing
Governance: Integration of scheme
ICT: Cost effective and efficient service delivery
Investment: Secured, profitable and productive investment portfolio

18. Social Security in Nepalese Prospective
“Social Security reform has became political and economic agenda Nepal”
Policy dilemma
Segmented
Overlapping and Duplicating
Less Coverage: Migrant workers, informal sector, Private Sector employees
Inadequacy: Except Government Employees
Question on Sustainability: Government Pension, Social Assistance Program

19. Social Security in Nepalese Prospective
Agenda of Reform:
Integration: Legal + Institutional.
Pension Reform: Contributory Pension to Govt Employees.
Extension of Contributory Social security Schemes
Sustainability and effectiveness of Social Security Allowance
Provident Fund for Migrant workers and workers of informal sector.

20. Social Security in EPFs Prospective
Our destination
Scope
Governance
Investment
Issues and Challenges
Benefits Modality

21. Thank you