Group 4 Rachel Gagliardo, Zack Wilks,Viditya Voletti

 Includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the supporting bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles that connect the limbs to the trunk

 Each upper arm articulates with the trunk at the pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle.

Consists of 1. Two broad, flat Scapulae(shoulder blades)(Scapula is the singular form) This is a site for muscle attachment 2. Two Slender, curved clavicles(collar bones) Another site for muscle attachment

 Movements of the clavicle and scapula position the shoulder joint and provide a base for arm movement  Once the shoulder joint is in position, muscles that originate in the pectoral girdle help move the arm

 “S-Shaped Clavicle” articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at its sterna end and with the acromion Functions 1. Provides support the arm and shoulder 2. Shock Absorber 3. Protects important blood vessels and nerves that pass below the bone  Small and Fragile that is why it is very common to have injuries to the clavicle  Smooth surface is beneath the skin  The rough inferior surface of acromial end is marked by prominent lines and tubercles, this is the site for muscle and ligaments attachment

 Sternum End- This end of the clavicle (collar bone) articulates with the sternum.  Body of the Clavicle- The body of the clavicle (collar bone) provides attachment for muscles  Acromial End- This end of the clavicle (collar bone) articulates with the acromion process of the scapula.

 ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/clavicleindex.html ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/clavicleindex.html

 Name the three parts of the clavicle

 1. Sternal End  Body  Acromial End

What is the Scapula?  Is the bone that connects the humerus(upper arm bone) with the clavicle(collar bone)

3 types of borders- all site for muscle attachment 1. Superior Border 2. Lateral Border 3. Medial Border

Fossa- a shallow depression 1. Subscapular Fossa- This large depression on the anterior side of the scapula 2. Infraspinous Fossa- This area on the posterior surface of the scapula, just below the spinous process **Hint: Infra means below the infraspinous fossa is below the subscapular fossa **

Process- projection or bump Acromion Process- This projection from the end of the scapular spine provides the attachment point for the clavicle. Coracoid Process- This projection on the scapula is smaller than the acromion process.

 Glenoid Cavity- This fossa on the lateral side of the fossa articulates with the head of the humerus.  Neck of the Scapula- This region supports the head of the scapula.

orial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal/setup_html/ scapulaindex.html

Bones apart of the upper limb 1. Arm 2. Forearm 3. Wrist 4. Hand Side note: the term “arm” only refers to the proximal portion of the upper limb(shoulder to the elbow)

Tubercle- small rounded projection Greater Tubercle- This bony process at the top of the humerus provides for muscle attachment Lesser Tubercle- This bony process near the top of the humerus is smaller than the nearby greater tubercle. Intertubercular Groove- This depression is seen at the front of the humerus between the greater and lesser tubercles. Shaft- long part of the humerus Neck- narrow connection between epipysis and diaphysis Anatomical Neck- This region is found just distal (behind) the head of the humerus Head of the humerus- This rounded structure articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. Trochlea- smooth, grooved articular process(pulley) Trochlea- This spool shaped surface articulates with the semilunar notch of the ulna. Fossa- a shallow depression Coronoid Fossa- This depression at the front of the humerus makes room for the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is flexed.

 ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/humerusindex.html ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/humerusindex.html

 A bone of the forearm  Thumb Side

 Head- The circular head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.  Shaft- long narrow part of the radius  Radial Tuberosity- This roughened region near the head of the radius  Radial Styloid Process- This small projection on the bottom end (distal portion)

 ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/radiusindex.html ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal /setup_html/radiusindex.html

 Wrist, palm, and fingers are supported by 27 bone  Carpal bones are located in the wrist. There are eight of them in two rows  Proximal Carpal Bones: 1) scaphoid, 2) lunate, 3) triquetreum, 4) pisiform  Distal Carpal Bones: 1) trapezium, 2) trapezoid, 3) capitate, 4) hamate  Joints between carpal bones permit limited degree of sliding and twistin  Metacarpal Bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and form palm of hand  Phalanges (finger bones) articulate with the metacarpal bones  14 phalanges bones  3 bones per finger: proximal, middle, distal  Except thumb (pollex) with 2: proximal, distal

 Metacarpals- These five bones form the palm of the hand. They are numbered one through five, laterally to medially (starting on the "thumb side").

 Proximal Phalanges- These bones articulate proximally with the metacarpal bones, and distally with the distal phalanx (thumb only) or middle phalanges (II-V). Tendons from the extensor digitorum muscle insert on the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges (II-V only).

 Middle Phalanges- These bones are only found on the four fingers (not the thumb), between the proximal and distal phalanges.

 Distal Phalanges- These bones articulate proximally with the proximal phalanx (the thumb only) or middle phalanges (the other four fingers).

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