1. Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, & Phalanges

2. Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle & Scapula (Collar Bone & Shoulder Blade)

3. Pectoral Girdle 1 Scapula & 1 Clavicle
The upper extremity it a non-weight bearing joint
The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide attachment for the numerous muscles that move the shoulder & elbow

4. Pectoral Girdle
The pectoral girdle attaches to the axial skeleton anteriorly: Sternoclavicular Joint
The pectoral girdle does not attach to the axial skeleton posteriorly & subsequently, the shoulder has very wide range of motion

5. Clavicle The Clavicle is an ‘S’ shaped bone
The clavicle holds the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) away from the body
The clavicle connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
The clavicle is the most fractured bone in the body
There is a joint on each end of the clavicle
SC Joint: Sternoclavicular Joint @ Sternal End (medial)
AC Joint: Acromioclavicular Acromial End (lateral)

6. Scapula The Scapula lies over the posterior thoracic cage at ribs 2-7
The Scapula is a large, flat, & triangular in shape
The bony landmarks of the Scapula
Spine: between Supraspinous fossa & Infraspinous fossa
Supraspinous Fossa: Supraspinatus
Infraspinous Fossa: Infraspinatus
Acromion: AC joint
Glenoid Cavity: articulates w/ Humeral Head
Subscapular Fossa: Subscapularis
Coracoid Process: Biceps attachment
Medial Border (Vertebral Border)
Lateral Border
Inferior Angle
Superior Angle

7. Scapula
Figure D
Figure E
Figure L

8. Brachium
Humerus (Upper Arm)

9. Brachium The Brachium is aka the Upper Arm
The bone in the upper arm is the Humerus.
The Humerus is the longest bone in the upper extremity
The Humerus articulates with the Glenoid Cavity; this articulation is know as the Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)
The bony landmarks of the Humerus are:
Proximal Head
Anatomical Neck
Greater Tubercle
Lesser Tubercle
Intertubecular Groove
Surgical Neck
Body
Deltoid Tuberosity
Lateral Epicondyle
Medial Epicondyle
Olecranon Fossa

10. Humerus #1 #2 #4 #5 #6 #7
#10
#12
#13

11. Review #1 Manubrium Sternum #2 Sternoclavicular Joint #3 Clavicle
#4 Acromioclavicular Joint
#5 Glenohumeral Joint
#6 Scapula
#7 Rib (five)
#8 Humerus

12. Antebrachium
Ulna & Radius (Forearm)

13. Antebrachium Forearm Ulna: medial bone
The Ulna articulates with the Humerus (proximal) & the radius (proximal & distal)
Trochlear Notch
Olecranon Process
Coronoid Process
Ulnar Styloid Process
Ulnar Head
Radius: lateral bone
The Radius articulates with the Humerus (proximal), the ulna (proximal & distal), & the carpal bones (distal end of radius)
Radial Head
Radial Styloid Process
Radial Tuberosity
Ulnar Notch

14. Radius & Ulna Review
Figure 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L
Figure 2

15. Carpus
Carpal Bones (Wrist)

16. Carpal Bones 8 Carpal Bones form the wrist
There are 2 rows of carpal bones
Proximal Row
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Distal Row
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

17. Carpus A: B C: D: E: F: G: H: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
Hamate F:
Capitate G:
Trapezoid H:
Trapezium

18. Metacarpus
Metacarpal Bones (Palm)

19. Metacarpals
There are 5 Metacarpal Bones, numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb
Each Metacarpal has a :
Base (proximal): carpometacarpal joint
Body (middle)
Head (distal): metacarpophalageal joint, the head of the metacarpal articulates with the proximal phalanx & forms the knuckles

20. Phalanges
Phalanx Bones (Fingers)

21. Phalanx Bones There are 14 phalanx bones in each hand
The thumb is the 1st phalange & only consists of 2 phalanx bones
Proximal Phalanx
Distal Phalanx
Phalanges 2-5 consist of 3 phalanx bones each
Middle Phalanx
3 Joints:
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: ‘MCP Joint’ articulation of metacarpals & phalanges
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: ‘PIP Joint’ articulation of Proximal phalanx & distal phalanx
Distal Interphalangeal Joint: ‘DIP Joint’ articulation of distal phalanx & middle phalanx

22. The Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal Bones
Metacarpal Bones
Phalanx Bones