1. The Appendicular Skeleton
Composed of 126 bones
Appendages (limbs- arms and legs)
Pectoral girdle (holds your arms to the body)
Pelvic girdle (holds your legs to the body)
The Appendicular Skeleton

2. The Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 5.6b

3. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Composed of two bones
Clavicle—collarbone
Scapula—shoulder blade
These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement
The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

4. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Clavicle
Figure 5.21b

5. Sternal end – articulates with the manubrium of the sternum; has a broad, flat surface.
Acromial end – articulates with the arcomion process of the scapula; has a thin, curved surface.
Clavicle

6. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Scapula
Figure 5.21c–d

8. Acromion process – enlarged end of the spine; articulates with clavicle.
Coracoid process – other beak like projection that points over the top of the shoulder and anchors muscles of the arm.
Glenoid Cavity – shallow socket that receives the head of the arm bone (humerus).
Spine – Ridged projection on posterior surface.
Supraspinous fossa – depressed area above spine.
Infraspinous fossa – depressed area below spine.
Scapula

9. Medial border, Lateral border, superior border self- explanatory
Inferior angle – most inferior “point”
Superior angle – most superior “point” that is not the acromion or coracoid
Scapula

10. Bones of the Upper Limbs
Humerus
Forms the arm
Single bone
Bones of the Upper Limbs

11. Humerus Head – rounded end; fits in glenoid cavity of scapula.
Anatomical Neck – inferior to head; slight constriction.
Greater & lesser tubercles – muscle attachments
Intertubercle Groove – anterolateral to head; separates greater and lesser tubercles.
Deltoid tuberosity – midpoint of shaft; roughened area that is site of attachment for deltoid muscle
Humerus

12. Medial and Lateral Epicondyles – flank depressions at distal end of humerus; allow ulna to move freely when elbow is bent and extended. Coronoid fossa – anterior depression for coronoid process of ulna Radial fossa – lateral to coronoid fossa; articulates with radial head. Olecranon fossa – posterior depression for olecranon process of ulna
Humerus

13. Capitulum – rounded knob lateral to
Capitulum – rounded knob lateral to trochlea, articulates with head of radius
Trochlea – rounded spool-shaped medial distal end, articulates with ulna
Humerus

14. Bones of the Upper Limbs Ulna and Radius
The forearm has two bones
Ulna
Medial bone in anatomical position
Radius
Lateral bone in anatomical position
Bones of the Upper Limbs Ulna and Radius

16. Radius (thumb/lateral side)
Head – disc-shaped; forms joint with capitulum of humerus
Radial tuberosity – bump, below head of radius, attachment point for tendons of bicep muscle
Ulnar Notch – articular surface at distal end; narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the distal end of the ulna forming the distal radioulnar joint
Styloid process – palpable projection on distal end
Radius (thumb/lateral side)

17. Ulna (medial/pinky side)
Olecranon process - proximal end, posterior projection that makes up elbow. Coronoid process – proximal end, anterior projection that makes up the elbow. Trochlear notch - separate coronoid and olecranon processes; toward medial side Radial notch - narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the head of the radius.
Ulna (medial/pinky side)

18. Ulna (medial/pinky side)
Head - adjacent to styloid process at distal end; forms distal radioulnar joint.
Styloid process - distal end, projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to a ligament of the wrist.
Ulna (medial/pinky side)

19. Bones of the Upper Limbs Carpals, Metacarpals,Phalanges
The hand
Carpals—wrist
Metacarpals—palm
Phalanges—fingers
Bones of the Upper Limbs Carpals, Metacarpals,Phalanges