Exploring Plants and Animals By: Khrisy Cambos Sima Spector Aria Bacchus Justin Weinblatt

Table of Contents Lesson #Title of Lesson Lead Author (& Co-Authors) Page Number 1 Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers Khrisy Cambos Photosynthesis and Food Chains Sima Spector EnergyAria Bacchus Survival of the Fittest Justin Weiblatt EnvironmentJustin Weiblatt The Five SensesSima Spector55-63

Unit Rational This unit will cover the topic Plants and Animals for 4 th grade students. It follows the New York City Science Scope and Sequence standards, NCTM Math Skills and ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature. Our lessons are strategically thought out using the backwards design model. Our unit relies on parent involvement to enhance our students understanding throughout the unit. The lessons in our unit includes activities that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy and Gardener’s multiple intelligence. In our lessons, we will use various strategies to teach including but not limited to graphic organizers, technology, games and hands- on materials.

MST Unit Overview: Plants and Animals Lesson 1: Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers Additives: Video, Poetry, Graphic organizer, SMART board Lesson 1: Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers Additives: Video, Poetry, Graphic organizer, SMART board Lesson 2: Photosynthesis and Food Chains Additives: Worksheet Lesson 2: Photosynthesis and Food Chains Additives: Worksheet Lesson 3: Energy Additives: SMART board, Pictures, Videos Lesson 3: Energy Additives: SMART board, Pictures, Videos Lesson 4: Survival of the Fittest Additives: SMART board, Literature, Worksheets Lesson 4: Survival of the Fittest Additives: SMART board, Literature, Worksheets Lesson 5: Environment Additives: SMART board, Literature, Scavenger Hunt Lesson 5: Environment Additives: SMART board, Literature, Scavenger Hunt Lesson 6: Five Senses Additives: Graphic organizer Lesson 6: Five Senses Additives: Graphic organizer

Lesson 1: Producers, Consumers & Decomposers

Scope and Sequence K-8 1. Scientific Inquiry  Classifying: arranging or distributing objects, events, or information  Communicating: giving oral and written explanations or graphic representations  Creating Models: displaying information, using multisensory representations 2. Process Skills  Generate appropriate questions (teacher- and student-based) in response to observations, events and other experiences.  Collect and organize data, choosing the appropriate representation  Written response  Drawings/pictorial representation  Order and sequence objects and/or events  Classify objects according to an established scheme

NCTM Math Skills 1. Process Standard:  Communication:  Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication  Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers and others 2. Content Standard:  Communicating about Mathematics Using Games  Mathematical games can foster mathematical communication as students explain and justify their moves to one another. In addition, games can motivate students and engage them in thinking about and applying concepts and skills.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students 1. Creativity and innovation  Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology.  Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes.  Create original works as means of personal or group expression  Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues  Identify trends and forecast possibilities

Behavioral Objective 1. Identify producers, consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem 2. Classify living things as producers, consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem

Educational Theory Bloom Taxonomy: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application Gardner Multiple Intelligence: Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Visual Spatial, Verbal Linguistic, Existential

Lesson Summary Motivational Activity Ask students to draw what they ate for breakfast. Then ask them to complete their KWL chart on Food Chains and begin the Do Now. Procedure 1. Students will complete the Do Now Task on the board. 2. Students will Listen to a poem: Links in a Food Chain. 3. Students will participate in a group activity to identify and classify organisms. 4. Students will play a game to convey their understanding of the content.

Game nt/animals/kidscorner/games/producersc onsumersgame.htm.

Assessment Rubric Behavioral Objective Excellent 4 Good 3 Satisfactory 2 Unsatisfactory 1 Student Rating 1. Identify producers, consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem Student show deeper understanding of the food chain concepts. Can correctly identify concepts of a food chain. Student could correctly identify concepts of a food chain. Recalls information discussed. Student was mostly correct in identifying some concepts of the food chain. Show some lack of recall of information discussed. Student not able to identify concepts of the food chain. Could not recall producers, consumers, decomposers 2.Classify living things as producers, consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem Student show deeper understanding of the food chain concepts. Can correctly classify concepts of a food chain. Student could correctly classify the food chain. Recalls information discussed Student was mostly correct in classifying some concepts of the food chain. Show some lack of recall of information discussed Student not able to classify concepts of the food chain. Could not recall producers, consumers, decomposers

Sample Student Work for Do Now Task c.Write the answer to the following questions in your notebook: I. A flower is an example of: 1.A producer 2.A consumer 3.A decomposer 4.All of the above 5.None of the above II. Which of the following are decomposers? 1.Bugs 2.Fungi 3.Bacteria 4.All of the above 5.None of the above K What do you know? W What do you want to know? L What did you learn? 1. Producers are organisms that can live with sun and water. 2. Consumers are organisms that need food for energy. They may also need sun and water to survive. 3.Decomposers are organisms that nourish the soil. They may also need sun and water to survive. 1.Why is the food chain important? 2.What are the roles of producers? 3.What are the roles of consumers? 4.What are the roles of decomposers? 1.To be completed in Lesson 2.

Sample Student Work ProducersConsumersDecomposers

Lesson 2: Photosynthesis, Food Chains and Food Webs

Behavioral Objectives 1. To illustrate a proper food chain. 2. To summarize how a food chain works.

Scope and Sequence K-8 1. Scientific Inquiry  Classifying: arranging or distributing objects, events, or information  Communicating: giving oral and written explanations or graphic representations  Creating Models: displaying information, using multisensory representations 2. Process Skills  Generate appropriate questions (teacher- and student-based) in response to observations, events and other experiences.  Collect and organize data, choosing the appropriate representation  Written response  Drawings/pictorial representation  Order and sequence objects and/or events  Classify objects according to an established scheme

NCTM Math Skills 1. Process Standard:  Communication:  Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication  Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers and others 2. Content Standard:  Communicating about Mathematics Using Games  Mathematical games can foster mathematical communication as students explain and justify their moves to one another. In addition, games can motivate students and engage them in thinking about and applying concepts and skills.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students  1. Creativity and innovation  Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology.  Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes.  Create original works as means of personal or group expression  Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues  Identify trends and forecast possibilities

Educational Theory Bloom Taxonomy: Application, Analysis, Knowledge Gardner Multiple Intelligence: Visual/Spatial

Lesson Summary Motivational Activity 1. I will ask 4 students to come up to the front of the class. 2. The first student will have a sign that’s labeled a plant, the second student will be labeled a mouse 3. The third student will be labeled a snake and the fourth student will be labeled an owl. 4. Students will be asked to stand in a specific order. Procedure 1. After the motivational activity, we will read The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten. 2. We will go over the definitons and process of photosynthesis, food chains and food webs. Students will understand the connection between all Students will complete a worksheet on food chains and write a short summary.

Assessment Rubric

Sample Student Work Name: ____________Student Response_____________________________ Food Chains Part A: Direction: Place the plants/animals that you’ve chosen in the correct order. Draw the arrows to show the food chain process. Student Response: Part B: Directions: Summarize the process of the food chain using your illustrations above. Make sure to include the following key words: producer, consumer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, photosynthesis. Student Response: A food chain starts with a producer. Producers get their energy from the process of photosynthesis. The sun gives energy to the plants. There are different types of consumers. A primary consumer is the first animal that eats the plants. A secondary consumer eats the animal that eats the plant. In the illustration above, the grass is the producer. The mouse is the primary consumer and the snake and hawk are both secondary consumers.

Lesson 3: Flow of Energy in a Food Chain

Scope and Sequence K-8  Inquiry Skills:  Classifying-arranging or distributing objects, events, or information representing objects or events in classes according to some method or system.  Communication- giving oral and written explanations or graphic representations of observations.  Comparing and contrasting – identifying similarities and differences between or  among objects, events, data, systems, etc.  Identifying variables – recognizing the characteristics of objects or factors in  events that are constant or change.  Generalizing – drawing general conclusions from particulars  Manipulating materials – handling or treating materials and equipment safely, skillfully, and effectively.  Observing- becoming aware of an object or event by using any of the senses(or extensions of the senses) to identify properties.

Scope and Sequence K-8  Process Skills:  Develop an appreciation of and respect for all learning environments (classroom, laboratory, field, etc.)  Manipulate materials through teacher direction and free discovery.  Use information systems appropriately.  Order and sequence objects and/or events.  Observe, analyze, and report observations of objects and events.  Observe, identify, and communicate patterns.  Drawings/pictorial representations.  Communicate procedures and conclusions through oral and written presentations.

NCTM Math Skills 1. Process Standards:  Problem solving-Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems.  Communication- Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others  Connections-Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole. 2. Content Standards:  Algebra  Understand patterns, relations, and functions represent and analyze patterns and functions, using words, tables, and graphs.  Model problem situations with objects and use representations such as graphs, tables, and equations to draw conclusions.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students 1. Creativity and Innovation: Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. Students:  Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes,  Create original works as a means of personal or group  Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues.  Identify trends and forecast possibilities. 2. Communication and Collaboration: Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Students:  Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media.  Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.  Develop cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with learners of other cultures.  Contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems

Behavioral Objectives 1. Students will be able to identify what happens to the energy in the food chain as it keeps moving up the chain. 2. Students will be able use an illustration to show how food chains transfer energy from one living organism to another.

Educational Theory Bloom Taxonomy: Comprehension, Knowledge, and Synthesis Gardner Multiple Intelligence: Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical

Lesson Summary Procedure 1. Teacher will read the book, “From seed to Plant” by Gail Gibbons 2. Teacher will explain in an ecosystem which is all living organisms in a specific area. 3. Teacher will explain to the class that you can find the most energy in plants. 4. Teacher will explain to the class that in the areas where there is less energy (at the top of the food chain), there is more competition for food. 5. We’ll watch a video that talks about energy and food webs. 6. Students will receive a handout. 7. As a quick review, we will use a balance and gram weights to help us further understand the topic.  Motivational Activity  Teacher will throw a ball up in the air.  Teacher will ash students to think about what is happening to the ball.  We will take notes of what is happening and why it is falling back down

Assessment Rubric

Sample Student Work Food Chain Worksheet 1. Which part of the pyramid has the most energy? The bottom of the pyramid has the most energy. 2. Which part of the pyramid has the least energy? The top of the pyramid has the least energy. 3. What happens to the energy at the top of the food chain? It is at the lowest and animals are in competition with each other. 4. What have you learned about energy from this worksheet? I learned that energy is transferred from one organism to another by food. The trees serve as a source of energy to the giraffe. The giraffe serve as a source of energy to the lion. This food chain shows the flow of energy. As energy moves up the food chain it becomes less and less. Animals at the top of the food chain need to fight each other for food.

Lesson 4: Survival of the Fittest

Scope and Sequence K-8  L.E 6.1 Identify populations within a community that are in competition with one another for resources.  L.E 3.2 Recognize that individual variations within a species may cause certain individuals to have an advantage in surviving and reproducing.

NCTM Math Skills  Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data  collect data using observations, surveys, and experiments;  represent data using tables and graphs such as line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs;  recognize the differences in representing categorical and numerical data.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students  Creativity and Innovation  Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues  Research and information fluency  Process data and report results

Behavioral Objective 1. Students will successfully conduct an experiment on survival of the fittest. 2. Students will accurately record their results. Students will use their knowledge gained to make inferences regarding survival of the fittest.

Educational Theory Bloom Taxonomy: Comprehension, Knowledge, and Synthesis Gardner Multiple Intelligence: Interpersonal, Bodily- Kinesthetic, logical mathematical.

Lesson Summary Motivational Activity The teacher will review with students what they learned about food chains. The teacher will ask, “is there a lot of food at the bottom of the food chain”? “Is there a lot of food at the top of the food chain?” The teacher will ask “if there isn’t a lot of food at the top of the food chain, which animal will get it?” The teacher will discuss this with the class and record those answers Procedure 1. Student will conduct an experiment to see how various predators (represented by utensils). Compete for food. As the experiment goes on, utensils will be added (to show reproduction, and the “prey” will change to show how a changing environment influences which animal is “fittest”. Students will record and graph their data.

Literature

Assessment Rubric Students will successfully conduct an experiment on survival of the fittest. 3- Students were able to successfully and independently conduct the experiment. 2- One trials were not completed. 1- More than one trial was not completed. Students will accurately record their results 3- Student accurately recorded and charted their data. 2- One pieces of data were inaccurately reported or one element of the graph (axis, title, data points etc) was not completed or was inaccurate. 1- More than one piece of data was recorded incorrectly or one or more element of the graph was incorrect. Students will use their knowledge gained to make inferences regarding survival of the fittest. 3- Student correctly defined survival of the fittest, and provided three clear examples of the concept. 2- Student correctly defined survival of the fittest and provided two examples or provided 3 clear examples but did not adequately describe 1- Student did not correctly define survival of the fittest. Student provided 2 or less examples of the concept. OR Student correctly defined survival of the fittest but provided one or fewer examples of the concept.

Sample Student Work

Lesson 5: Adaptations

Scope and Sequence K-8  General Skills- v. Use information systems appropriately.  L.E 6 Observe that when the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, while others die or move to new locations.

NCTM Math Skills 1. Process Standard:  Communication:  Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication  Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers and others 2. Content Standard::  Algebra  Understand patterns, relations, and functions represent and analyze patterns and functions, using words, tables, and graphs.  Model problem situations with objects and use representations such as graphs, tables, and equations to draw conclusions.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students  Research and Informational Fluency  Locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize, and ethically use inform.  Process data and report results  Communication and Collaboration  Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media

Behavioral Objective 1. Students will use a scavenger hunt to learn about animal adaptations. 2. Students will share their results with the class.

Educational Theory Bloom Taxonomy: Comprehension, Knowledge, and Synthesis Gardner Multiple Intelligence: Interpersonal, Naturalistic

Lesson Summary Motivational Activity Motivation: The teacher will review what students learned during the survival of the fittest lesson. The teacher will ask, why are some animals more likely to survive than others? Possible answers may include strength, speed, or size. The teacher will explain that these are examples of adaptations. Students will be given a definition for adaptation. Adaptation: A trait of an animal that helps it survive in its environment. The teacher will read to the class from “Claws, Coats, and Camouflage”. Procedure 1. The teacher will read from page 10 to the end of Claws, Coats, and Camouflage, stopping throughout to ask questions. 2. The teacher will explain that students are going to research how different animals adapt to their environment. 3. Students will be given a scavenger hunt sheet (1 for each pair of two students) and a laptop. 4. Students will complete the scavenger hunt sheet. 5. Students will present on their findings in pairs.

Literature

Assessment Rubric Students will successfully conduct an experiment on survival of the fittest. 3- Students successfully and accurately completed their scavenger hunts. 2- Student missed 1- 3 questions on the scavenger hunt, or gave 1-3 incorrect answers. 1- More than 3 answers were missing or incorrect. Students will accurately record their results. 3- Student accurately recorded and charted their data. 2- One pieces of data were inaccurately reported or one element of the graph (axis, title, data points etc) was not completed or was inaccurate. 1- More than one piece of data was recorded incorrectly or one or more element of the graph was incorrect

Sample Student Work.

Lesson 6: Animals and Their 5 Senses

Scope and Sequence K-8  Scientific Inquiry  Classifying – arranging or distributing objects, events, or information representing objects or events in classes according to some method or system.  Communicating – giving oral and written explanations or graphic representations of observations.  Process Skills  Generate appropriate questions (teacher- and student-based) in response to observations, events, and other experiences.  Collect and organize data, choosing the appropriate representation: journal entries, graphs, drawings/pictorial representations  Order and sequence objects and/or events.  Classify objects according to an established scheme.

NCTM Math Skills  Process Standard:  Communication  Content Standard:  Communicating about Mathematics Using Games  Mathematical games can foster mathematical communication as students explain and justify their moves to one another. In addition, games can motivate students and engage them in thinking about and applying concepts and skills.

ISTE NET’s Standards for Literature Students  Creativity and innovation  Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology.  a. Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes  b. Create original works as a means of personal or group expression  c. Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues  d. Identify trends and forecast possibilities

Behavioral Objective 1. To complete taste test worksheet. 2. To write a summary of how animals use their 5 senses to survive.

Educational Theory Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application, Analysis, Knowledge, Comprehension Gardiner’s Multiple Intelligences: Visual-Spatial, Naturalist, Body Smart

Lesson Summary Motivational Activity Read the magic school bus book. (This book is a fun way to teach students about the 5 senses. It goes through all the 5 senses while the students are flowing through the police officers body starting with the eye. Procedure 1. After reading the Magic School Bus book, we will conduct our apply and vanilla science experiment. 2. After the experiment, we will discuss how animals use their 5 senses to help them survive. 3. After the class discussion, students will write a short summary about how animals use their 5 senses.

Assessment Rubric

Sample Student Work Name:______Student Sample________________________ Date:____________ Apple vs. Vanilla 1. Choose a partner 2. Send someone to the teacher’s desk to get the materials needed. (apple and a cotton ball) 3. First eat the apple and write down what you taste. 4. Second, eat the apple while holding the vanilla cotton ball by your nose. Write down what you taste. Apple Apple +Vanilla 1.Tastes like an apple1. The apple tastes like vanilla 2.Sweet 3.Crunchy Questions: (Talk about this with your partner) 1. How were the two experiments different? In the first experiment, we only used taste. In the second experiment we used taste and smell. 2. How connected are our senses of taste and smell? Our senses are very connected. Since I was smelling the vanilla cotton ball, it changed the taste of the apple and the apple tasted like vanilla.

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