ORGANELLE IMAGES CHAPTER 7

Cell Membrane Function: Protects, supports, controls what enters/exits cell Structure: Made of lipids, proteins, carbs Found in ALL cells

Cell Wall Function: support, strengthen, protects Structure: outside of membrane, porous, cellulose Found in PLANT cells Found in BOTH eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells

CYTOPLASM

Cytoplasm Function: movement of & within a cell, suspends organelles Structure: gel-like solution, transparent Found in ALL cells

CYTOSKELETON

Cytoskeleton Function: Shape, internal organization, move materials within cell Structure: made of proteins Found in BOTH plant & animal cells Found in eukaryotic

NUCLEUS

Nucleus Function: stores DNA Structure: nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, chromatin (DNA), nucleolus BOTH plant & animal cells Eukaryotes only

RIBOSOME

Ribosome Function: makes proteins Structure: RNA pieces & proteins ALL cells have ribosomes

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

RER Function: modifies & puts proteins in vesicle Structure: ribosomes on surface, folded membranes Both plant & animal cells Eukaryotes only

GOLGI APPARATUS

Golgi Apparatus Function: modifies and packages proteins Structure: stacks, flattened membranes BOTH plant & animal cells Eukaryotic cells only

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

SER Function: specialized tasks (like control amount of calcium) Structure: no ribosomes, contains enzymes BOTH plant & animal cells Eukaryotic cells only

LYSOSOMES

Lysosomes Function: break down waste materials and cellular debris Structure: small, filled with enzymes Animal cells only Eukaryotic cells only

VACUOLES

Vacuoles Function: store water, increases rigidity of cell Structure: large, central All plant cells have one large one Found in eukaryotic cells only (Protists have contractile & food vacuoles)

VESICLES

Vesicles Function: store and move materials in and out of cell Structure: small, membrane bound BOTH plant & animal cells Eukaryotes only

CHLOROPLASTS

Chloroplasts Function: capture energy from sunlight to convert into food (photosynthesis) Structure: two membranes, chlorophyll Plant cells (not in animals cells) Eukaryotic only (Found in some protists)

MITOCHONDRIA

Mitochondria Function: breaks down “food” for energy (cellular respiration) Structure: two membranes,inner one is folded BOTH plant & animal cells Eukaryotes only

CILIA

Cilia Function: movement of materials over surface, trap debris Structure: “hairs” on outer surface Found in animal cells only Eukaryotes only

Flagellum

Function: enable entire cell to move (swim) Structure: tail-like Found in animal cells only (rare in plants-1 type of plant has flagellum on its male gamete) BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes

How Cells Make Proteins

Copy of DNA, called RNA, made in nucleus RNA leaves nucleus  sent to ribosome Ribosome makes protein from instructions Protein sent to RER  modified  put in vesicle Vesicle  Golgi A.  modifies  put in vesicle Stays in cell or leaves