Unit 11 Acids and Bases. ACIDS Any substance that generates a hydrogen ion (H + ) when dissolved in water The pH of an acid ranges from 0-6; 0 is the.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 11 Acids and Bases

ACIDS Any substance that generates a hydrogen ion (H + ) when dissolved in water The pH of an acid ranges from 0-6; 0 is the strongest. An acid is strong or weak depending on how many H + ions are produced

Properties of Acids Taste Sour Conducts electricity. Strong acids are strong electrolytes. Weak acids are weak electrolytes. React with metals to form hydrogen gas. Changes the colors of indicators (litmus paper indicator turns red). Reacts with hydroxides to form water and a salt.

BASES (Alkaline) Any substance that generates a hydroxide ion (OH - ) when dissolved in water A base is considered strong or weak depending on the amount of OH - ions that are produced The pH of a base ranges from 8-14; 14 is the strongest.

Properties of Bases React with acids to form water and a salt. Tastes bitter Feels slippery Strong bases are strong electrolytes. Weak bases are weak electrolytes. Changes the colors of indicators (litmus paper indicator turns blue). Conducts electricity

Acid has more H + than OH - Base has more OH - than H + Neutral = amounts of both Amounts of H + and OH -

pH scale 1-2 Stomach Acid 2.4 Lemon Juice 5-7 Pee 5.5 Rain 7.0 Pure Water Blood 11.5 Household Bleach

Which is more dangerous? Both equally dangerous at equal and opposite pH.

Neutralization Reactions A reaction where equal amounts of acids and bases come together to produce water and a salt The pH of a neutral solution is 7.

Buffer Solutions A solution that helps to regulate pH They contain either a weak acid and the salt of that acid or a weak base and the salt of that base.

Formulas pH = - log [H + ] pOH = - log [OH - ] pH + pOH = 14 [H + ] [OH - ] = 1.0 x

Practice Calculate the pH of a solution with a [H + ] of 2.1 x Calculate the pOH from the following problem.

Practice Calculate the [H + ] of a solution if the pH is 3.

Molarity (M) = moles Liters To calculate pH from molarity of an acid: pH = - log (M)

Double Bubble Map Properties of Acids _____ acids/bases form ____ electrolytes Tastes Bitter Tastes sour Properties of Bases React to form _____ and _____ _____ acids/bases form _____ electrolytes pH range is ____

Double Bubble Map (key) Properties of Acids Weak acids/bases form Weak electrolytes Makes H + ions Reacts with Metals to Form H 2 gas Tastes Bitter Slippery Tastes sour Properties of Bases Makes OH - ions Conducts electricity React to form water and salts Strong acids/bases form Strong electrolytes pH range is 0-6 pH range is 8-14 Reacts with acid to form water and salt Changes colors of indicators