COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS/CAMPUSES ETI2506- TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Monday, 21 March 2016

SYLLABUS

STRUCTURED CABLING DEFINED Structured cabling refers to building or campus telecommunications cabling infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements called subsystems. WIRELESS ROUTER

STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDS Structured cabling design and installation is governed by a set of standards that specify how to wire the following for data or voice communications using various types of cables. Data centres, Offices, Apartment, Hospitals, factories, etc The most commonly used structured cable elements are: Category 5e (CAT-5e), Category 6 (CAT-6), Fibre optic cabling

One cable contains 4 pairs CATEGORY 5/5E Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for carrying data and voice signals. One cable contains 4 pairs It is the most commonly used cable for wiring computer networks such as Ethernet. Cat 5 cable provides performance of up to 100 MHz. It can therefore be used for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet)

CATEGORY 6 Category 6 cable is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. One Cable contains 4 pairs and is shielded. Compared with Cat 5 and Cat 5e, Cat 6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise. The cable standard provides performance of up to 300 MHz. Category 6 is suitable for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet), 1000BASE-T/1000BASE-TX (Gigabit Ethernet) for short distances.

STRUCTURED CABLING SUBSTRUCTURES Structured cabling falls into five subsystems: Demarcation point is the point where the telephone company network ends and connects with the on-premises wiring at the customer premises. Equipment or Telecommunications Rooms house equipment and wiring consolidation points that serve the users inside the building or campus. Vertical Riser connects equipment/telecommunications rooms, so named because the rooms are typically on different floors. Horizontal wiring connects telecommunications rooms to individual outlets or work areas on the floor, usually through the wireways, conduits or ceiling spaces of each floor. Work-Area Components connect end-user equipment to outlets of the horizontal cabling system.

HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL RISER Data Switches On cable racks or inside Closets Vertical Riser Demarcation Point

WORK AREA STRUCTURED CABLE COMPONENTS Modular Connectors Patch Cords

STRUCTURED VS NON-STRUCTURED CABLING (A) NON-STRUCTURED (B) STRUCTURED (C) STRUCTURED

ADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURED CABLING Consistency – We use the same cabling system to connect everything, e.g phone cabling, Ethernet cabling, security systems, etc. Support for multi-vendor equipment - A standards-based cable plant will support applications and hardware even after you change or mix vendors.   Simplify moves/adds/changes - moving a connection from one room to another or adding a modem connection to the office is simplified – patch codes used. Simplify troubleshooting - With a structured wiring system, problems are less likely to down the entire network. It is easier to isolate and fix faults. Power over Ethernet (PoE) — This gives you the ability to power phones, surveillance cameras, Wireless Access Points (WAPs), and many other devices through the networking cable. Less expensive electronics —Most PC’s and network devices come with inbuilt Network Interface Cards (NICs) therefore no extra equipment is required .

USING FIBRE OPTIC CABLES FOR COMMUNICATION IN ENTERPRISE NETWORKS

FIBRE OPTIC COMPONENTS

ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE STRUCTURED CABLING High Bandwidth — Fibre has a higher bandwidth than copper. Example: Category 6 Cable is classified by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to handle a bandwidth up to 300 MHz over 100 meters; while Multimode Fibre, on the other hand, would have a bandwidth of over 1000 MHz over many kilometres. Less Expensive — fibre cable is actually less expensive than copper, requires expensive electronics. Lightweight — An optical cable weighs less than a comparable copper wire cable.  Non-flammable — Fibre is a dielectric, which means that there isn’t any electrical current that flows through it. Copper, on the other hand does carry a current and could cause a fire concern if it is old or worn.  Distance — Whether you use fibre or copper, there will be a loss in signal strength as the length of the cable increases.). Fibre cabling has lower losses over distances comparable copper cabling. Pulling Tension — Copper cable is relatively delicate. It has a 25-pound tension limit. While basic fibre has a 100-200 pound tension limit. Security — Eavesdropping on a LAN using copper cables is much easier than on fibre networks.