Eukaryotic Cells: The Inside Story Chapter 3-3

Cell Membrane- surrounds all cells Keeps the cytoplasm inside Allows nutrients in and wastes products out Interacts with things outside the cell

Cell Wall Provides strength and support Made of cellulose in plants and algae Made of chitin in fungi Bacteria also have cell walls

Fungi cells have a cell wall made of a chemical similar to that found in the hard covering of insects called chitin

Nucleus Control center Stores DNA which has information on how to make proteins Contains the nucleolus which stores the materials that will be used to make ribosomes Largest and most visible organelle

Nucleus Nuclear membrane NucleolusDNA

F. The nucleus

Nucleolus stores the materials that will be used later to make ribosomes in the cytoplasm nucleolus

DNA is the heredity material in the cell

F.DNA

Ribosomes are protein-making sites Smallest but most abundant organelles Not covered by a membrane Uses amino acids to make proteins

B. Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Makes lipids internal delivery system May be covered by ribosomes Looks like flattened sacks stacked side by side or a cloth folded back and forth

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria-cell’s powerhouse Makes ATP Surrounded by two membranes Needs oxygen Liver and muscle cells have the most mitochondria Bean-shaped Breaks down food molecules to release energy

G. Mitochondria

Chloroplast is an energy-converting organelle Found in plants and algae Chlorophyll makes them green Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast

B. Enable plants to produce their own food

D. Chloroplasts

Golgi complex-organelle where proteins and other materials are processed and transported out of the cell

The Golgi complex processes, packages, and transports material out of eukaryotic cells

Vesicles Membrane covered compartments Some pinch off from the ER or Golgi bodies Others form when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object outside a cell White blood cell engulfing bacteria

When a smaller yeast cell is engulfed by a white blood cell, a vesicle is formed by the white blood cell

Vacuole Stores water and other materials Plants have large vacuoles

A contractile vacuole squeezes excess water out of a cell

G. Vacuole

Lysosomes Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders Contains enzymes that break down particles in vesicles Causes the tail of a tadpole to shrink and disappear

Organelles found in plant and animal cells Nucleus Golgi complex MitochondriaLysosome Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Ribosomes

Organelles found only in plant cells and not in animal cells Chloroplast Large vacuole Cell wall

D.plant

A. Chloroplasts